Violence in Nigeria

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194 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS (2012), Agriculture. http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/sectorstat/sectors/Agriculture. NIGERIA WATCH: Fourth Report on Violence in Nigeria (2006–2014), Ibadan: IFRA-Nigeria. OLAJIDE, OT., B.H. AKINLABI & A.A. TIJJANI (2012), Agriculture Resource and Economic Growth in Nigeria. European Scientific Journal 8(22). WHO (2002), World Report on Violence and Health. Geneva: WHO.
A study of violence-related deaths in Gudu, Gwadabawa and Illela LGAs of Sokoto State, and Sakaba LGA of Kebbi State (2006-2014) 10 Arshad Munir & Akinola Ejodame Olojo Abstract This paper highlights the outcome of a study on fatal incidents in four LGAs of north-western Nigeria: Gwadabawa, Gudu, and Ilella LGAs in Sokoto State, and Sakaba LGA in Kebbi State. Data obtained from 1,083 questionnaires revealed that, since 2006, the year 2011 had the highest number of fatalities. Between 2006 and 2014, Gudu LGA recorded the highest number of fatalities and violent incidents, while Sakaba LGA had the lowest. For the period under review, the most frequent cause of fatal incidents was cattle grazing, followed by political clashes. Religion, which is often perceived as a major factor of conflict, contributed quite insignificantly to the overall level of violence in the four LGAs, with just a few incidents involving the Yan Shi’a, the Tijaniyya Sufi brotherhood, and the Yan Izala movement. Finally, the study demonstrates that, just as in the urban centres of Sokoto and Kebbi, there are many fatal incidents in rural areas - yet these are unreported. Some explanations for this omission are discussed in relation to poor road infrastructure. Introduction and methodology One of the primary concerns of the ‘invisible’ violence project of Nigeria Watch is to analyse particular LGAs where fatal incidents appear to have fallen outside the radar of press coverage. The issue is to discover whether this omission results from a dearth of media reports or from an authentic absence of lethal violence. Bearing this framework in mind, the current study investigates ‘invisible’ fatal incidents in Gudu, Gwadabawa, and Illela LGAs in Sokoto State, and Sakaba LGA in neighbouring Kebbi State. Northern Nigeria now offers the general impression of an entire region in crisis. However, some analytical nuance is required to distinguish areas that are in-
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Violence in Nigeria A qualitative a
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African Studies Centre (ASC) Instit
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Contents LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST O
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List of figures 1.1 FRSC and Nigeri
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List of tables 1.1 Severity index o
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NDV Niger Delta Vigilante NHRC Nati
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Foreword The challenge of managing
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Introduction: Arguments for a quali
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customed to poor numbers shaping ho
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arrested and disappeared. As for Bo
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ual killings. As for the link betwe
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in 104 deaths between 2006 and 2014
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Trends and patterns of fatal road a
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all accidents on Nigerian roads inv
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sarawa State were killed in a multi
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safety measures. Christie argued th
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fatal road accidents because it rec
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Map 1.1 Fatalities caused by road a
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Figure 1.3 Vehicle types and road a
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Monthly analysis of fatal road acci
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driving, a situation that frequentl
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Table 1.3 Yearly breakdown of road
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However, the administration of Gove
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has been a large increase in the nu
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pecially along the Lagos-Sagamu-Iba
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39 Conclusion This study has examin
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Patterns and trend analysis of viol
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of Nigeria on the country’s dilap
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a need to bring indigenous investor
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and the population (Oputa Panel Rep
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ating consistent numerical data tha
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due to oil distribution. Again, of
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53 Map 2.2 Fatality rates resulting
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Figure 2.5 Number of deaths resulti
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Map 2.4 Fatality rates resulting fr
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Conclusion 59 It is important to st
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Trends and patterns of cattle grazi
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the location of the occurrence of i
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of the lands being equipped with bo
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Jigawa), July (Jigawa and Benue), S
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cattle to graze in violation of the
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Map 8. Fatality rates caused by cat
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Cattle grazing and lethal violence
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BLENCH, R. (2010), Conflict Between
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Trends and patterns of fatalities r
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Political context of witchcraft and
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anyone successful in business or ed
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83 Figure 4.1 Number of violent dea
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Okechuku had told the Police that t
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The situation in these areas is act
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Conclusion 89 Although the media ha
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Muslims, Christians and religious V
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From this point, the third part of
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several incidences of violence inst
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violent deaths (Figure 5.2) with th
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against the security forces and civ
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Figure 5.3 Violent deaths involving
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which have a lethal connection betw
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nored. Based on the data, they repr
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Table 5.3 Violent deaths of Islamic
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ment’s JTF to engage members of t
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ping demonstrates that religious ca
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the intervention of the security fo
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Although some of the victims are cr
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‘Court Martial’, respectively,
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chosen because the database started
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an annual average of 59% between Ju
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123 Figure 6.2 Number of violent de
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than other of its relations, it wou
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tervene more in violent incidents i
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tion of the security forces, notabl
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Farah Dagogo, a factional leader of
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ty outfit in the state, the Special
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however, that both the attackers an
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to leverage their ethnic and religi
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CRIMINAL CODE ACT (1990), Laws of t
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Part II Fieldwork and surveys: A qu
Page 159 and 160: A survey of violence-related deaths
Page 161 and 162: Figure 7.1 Percentage of violent de
Page 163 and 164: one. The LGA is included in Enugu E
Page 165 and 166: Table 7.2 Violent events recorded i
Page 171 and 172: Table 7.3 Demographic characteristi
Page 175 and 176: Figure 7.4 Percentage of causes of
Page 177 and 178: A Survey of violence-related deaths
Page 179 and 180: Politically, the LGA is divided int
Page 181 and 182: This has been a source of problems
Page 183 and 184: eferred to as ‘gatekeeping’, an
Page 185 and 186: 169 Data analysis and presentation
Page 187 and 188: Summary of findings As noted earlie
Page 189 and 190: Table 8.2 Violence types and fatali
Page 191 and 192: News judgment Reporters, who are th
Page 193 and 194: cated in Ido-Osun, which were still
Page 195 and 196: A study of violence-related deaths
Page 197 and 198: flicts. While most of these fatal i
Page 199 and 200: tion, as well as poultry farming, c
Page 201 and 202: Table 9.2 Violent deaths in Kurfi L
Page 203 and 204: Matazu LGA: Socio-economic, politic
Page 205 and 206: Table 9.5 Violent deaths in Ingawa
Page 207 and 208: Ineffective news media coverage as
Page 209: State. Until they founded their res
Page 213 and 214: Gudu, Gwadabawa, Illela and Sakaba:
Page 215 and 216: market their harvests outside Sakab
Page 217 and 218: Table 10.2 Violent incidents in Gud
Page 219 and 220: Table 10.2 Violent incidents in Gud
Page 221 and 222: Table 10.3 Violent incidents in Gwa
Page 223 and 224: Table 10.3 Violent incidents in Gwa
Page 225 and 226: Compared with Gudu, Gwadabawa LGA e
Page 227 and 228: Table 10.4 Violent incidents in Ill
Page 229 and 230: frequency of incidents, the princip
Page 231 and 232: er, certain parts of Sakaba are kno
Page 233: Postscript: The next challenge: Sta
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