Violence in Nigeria

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their work on this publication, and it is hoped that this book will serve as a catalyst for more systematic studies of violence in Nigeria. Dr Ukoha Ukiwo Nigeria Stability and Reconciliation Programme (NSRP) Abuja xiv
Introduction: Arguments for a qualitative and quantitative analysis of violence in Nigeria Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos At first, some of the reports appeared frightening but, in the course of time, I got used to alarms that no longer made any serious impact on me. It is debatable whether or not familiarity with serious security reports, helps the President or any Chief Executive in his administration. Former Nigerian President Alhaji Shehu Shagari, commenting on the daily bulletins of the National Security Organisation. 1 Nigeria has a reputation for being a very violent country. In 2014, it was considered to be the seventeenth most fragile state in the world, and it was ranked 151 out of 162 countries in the Global Peace Index, a multidimensional report on violence, security, and criminality. 2 This is a cause for alarm, and researchers obviously have a role to play in the private and public debates on insecurity. However, many academics claim that crime is on the rise without relying on any data other than some scattered evidence. Most of the literature on violence in Nigeria is qualitative. It rarely relies on quantitative data for a simple reason: police crime statistics are not reliable, or not available, or not even published. Moreover, the training of Nigerian social scientists often focuses on qualitative, cultural, and political issues. The French Institute for Research in Africa (IFRA) has been a pioneer in promoting research on urban violence in Nigeria, yet there is still a need to bridge the qualitative and quantitative approaches of conflict studies. This book fills a gap in this regard. First, it underlines the necessity of a trend analysis to decipher the patterns and the complexity of violence in very different fields: from oil production to cattle breeding, radical Islam to motor accidents, land conflicts to witchcraft, and so on. Secondly, it argues for a complementary approach using both qualitative and quantitative data. Statistics, as such, are inert, of little use, and prone to manipulation; they require an empirical investigation to make sense. 3 Thus, statistics cannot be accurate if they are not cross- 1 2 3 Shagari, Alhaji Shehu (2001), Shehu Shagari: Beckoned to Serve - An Autobiography, Ibadan, Heinemann Educational Books, p. 327. See: http://www.visionofhumanity.org/#/page/indexes/global-peace-index See also: http://library.fundforpeace.org/library/cfsir1423-fragilestatesindex2014-06d.pdf. Pérouse de Montclos, Marc-Antoine, Elizabeth Minor & Samrat Sinha, ed., Violence, statistics, and the politics of accounting for the dead, Dordrecht, Springer, 2016.
Page 1: Violence in Nigeria A qualitative a
Page 5 and 6: African Studies Centre (ASC) Instit
Page 7 and 8: Contents LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST O
Page 9 and 10: List of figures 1.1 FRSC and Nigeri
Page 11 and 12: List of tables 1.1 Severity index o
Page 13 and 14: NDV Niger Delta Vigilante NHRC Nati
Page 15: Foreword The challenge of managing
Page 19 and 20: customed to poor numbers shaping ho
Page 21 and 22: arrested and disappeared. As for Bo
Page 23 and 24: ual killings. As for the link betwe
Page 25: in 104 deaths between 2006 and 2014
Page 29 and 30: Trends and patterns of fatal road a
Page 31 and 32: all accidents on Nigerian roads inv
Page 33 and 34: sarawa State were killed in a multi
Page 35 and 36: safety measures. Christie argued th
Page 37 and 38: fatal road accidents because it rec
Page 39 and 40: Map 1.1 Fatalities caused by road a
Page 41 and 42: Figure 1.3 Vehicle types and road a
Page 43 and 44: Monthly analysis of fatal road acci
Page 45 and 46: driving, a situation that frequentl
Page 47 and 48: Table 1.3 Yearly breakdown of road
Page 49 and 50: However, the administration of Gove
Page 51 and 52: has been a large increase in the nu
Page 53 and 54: pecially along the Lagos-Sagamu-Iba
Page 55 and 56: 39 Conclusion This study has examin
Page 57 and 58: Patterns and trend analysis of viol
Page 59 and 60: of Nigeria on the country’s dilap
Page 61 and 62: a need to bring indigenous investor
Page 63 and 64: and the population (Oputa Panel Rep
Page 65 and 66: ating consistent numerical data tha
Page 67 and 68:
due to oil distribution. Again, of
Page 69 and 70:
53 Map 2.2 Fatality rates resulting
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 2.5 Number of deaths resulti
Page 73 and 74:
Map 2.4 Fatality rates resulting fr
Page 75 and 76:
Conclusion 59 It is important to st
Page 77 and 78:
Trends and patterns of cattle grazi
Page 79 and 80:
the location of the occurrence of i
Page 81 and 82:
of the lands being equipped with bo
Page 83 and 84:
Jigawa), July (Jigawa and Benue), S
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cattle to graze in violation of the
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Map 8. Fatality rates caused by cat
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Cattle grazing and lethal violence
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BLENCH, R. (2010), Conflict Between
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Trends and patterns of fatalities r
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Political context of witchcraft and
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anyone successful in business or ed
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83 Figure 4.1 Number of violent dea
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Okechuku had told the Police that t
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The situation in these areas is act
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Conclusion 89 Although the media ha
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Muslims, Christians and religious V
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From this point, the third part of
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several incidences of violence inst
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violent deaths (Figure 5.2) with th
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against the security forces and civ
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Figure 5.3 Violent deaths involving
Page 119 and 120:
which have a lethal connection betw
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nored. Based on the data, they repr
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Table 5.3 Violent deaths of Islamic
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ment’s JTF to engage members of t
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ping demonstrates that religious ca
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the intervention of the security fo
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Although some of the victims are cr
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‘Court Martial’, respectively,
Page 135 and 136:
chosen because the database started
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an annual average of 59% between Ju
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123 Figure 6.2 Number of violent de
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than other of its relations, it wou
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tervene more in violent incidents i
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tion of the security forces, notabl
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Farah Dagogo, a factional leader of
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ty outfit in the state, the Special
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however, that both the attackers an
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to leverage their ethnic and religi
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CRIMINAL CODE ACT (1990), Laws of t
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Part II Fieldwork and surveys: A qu
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A survey of violence-related deaths
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Figure 7.1 Percentage of violent de
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one. The LGA is included in Enugu E
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Table 7.2 Violent events recorded i
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Table 7.3 Demographic characteristi
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Figure 7.4 Percentage of causes of
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A Survey of violence-related deaths
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Politically, the LGA is divided int
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This has been a source of problems
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eferred to as ‘gatekeeping’, an
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169 Data analysis and presentation
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Summary of findings As noted earlie
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Table 8.2 Violence types and fatali
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News judgment Reporters, who are th
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cated in Ido-Osun, which were still
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A study of violence-related deaths
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flicts. While most of these fatal i
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tion, as well as poultry farming, c
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Table 9.2 Violent deaths in Kurfi L
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Matazu LGA: Socio-economic, politic
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Table 9.5 Violent deaths in Ingawa
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Ineffective news media coverage as
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State. Until they founded their res
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A study of violence-related deaths
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Gudu, Gwadabawa, Illela and Sakaba:
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market their harvests outside Sakab
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Table 10.2 Violent incidents in Gud
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Table 10.2 Violent incidents in Gud
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Table 10.3 Violent incidents in Gwa
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Table 10.3 Violent incidents in Gwa
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Compared with Gudu, Gwadabawa LGA e
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Table 10.4 Violent incidents in Ill
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frequency of incidents, the princip
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er, certain parts of Sakaba are kno
Page 233:
Postscript: The next challenge: Sta
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