STREETSCAPE GUIDANCE

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HOME INTRODUCTION PART A A vision for London’s streets PART B From strategy to delivery PART C New measures for new challenges PART D Balancing priorities PART F Appendix PART E Physical design and materials SECTION 6 Introduction SECTION 7 High quality footways SECTION 8 Carriageways SECTION 9 Crossings SECTION 10 Kerbside activity SECTION 11 Footway amenities SECTION 12 Safety and functionality SECTION 13 Street environment SECTION 14 Transport interchanges Streetscape Guidance [Part E – Physical design and materials] High quality footways 94 7.7 Kerbs Kerbs provide an important visual and physical delineation between footway and carriageway. We advise using a limited material palette for kerbs, providing a clear and consistent aesthetic for all street types. Kerb unit sizes, profiles and options vary significantly between different suppliers, so the Streetscape Guidance focuses on the key aspects of performance which are required on the TLRN. The core criteria are: • To use a consistent material palette • To enhance safety and legibility by providing an appropriate degree of carriageway delineation • To provide long-term durability and ease of maintenance Figure 95: Granite kerb • To offer inclusive facilities for all users • To enable good drainage and surface water removal Kerb materials Kerbs can be provided in both granite and concrete. Both materials have benefits and drawbacks. Granite kerbs are preferred for environments that: • Have regular pedestrian movement • Have low to moderate speeds • Are in conservation areas or • Have historic or civic significance • Require a high quality finish, especially when combined with other natural stones or asphalt footways • Where footways need to be emphasised or high pedestrian flows exist • Where enhanced longevity of a scheme is required as granite has a longer life than concrete and can be reused Concrete kerbs are preferred: • In high speed environments where pedestrians are less likely to linger or spend time • Where a kerb must be cast in place to suit the circumstance The initial installation and material cost of concrete kerbs is relatively inexpensive, however, it does not tend to wear well over time. Standard kerb dimensions The kerb face or upstand height is important for delineating the boundary of the carriageway, providing a visible edge and drainage channel. Kerb heights can have a profound impact on physical visibility and protection, as well as a perceptual impact on user behaviour. Lower kerbs are more conducive to informal pedestrian crossing but offer less physical protection from vehicles and can prove difficult for those with visual impairments to navigate. Dropped kerbs offer convenient, step-free access and are especially beneficial for users with impaired mobility, however, some users may experience discomfort if the gradient is too severe. Dropped kerbs should be provided with transition kerbs on the approach to provide a gentle gradient to a flush edge at carriageway level. Figure 96: Southwark Street
HOME INTRODUCTION PART A A vision for London’s streets PART B From strategy to delivery PART C New measures for new challenges PART D Balancing priorities PART F Appendix PART E Physical design and materials SECTION 6 Introduction SECTION 7 High quality footways SECTION 8 Carriageways SECTION 9 Crossings SECTION 10 Kerbside activity SECTION 11 Footway amenities SECTION 12 Safety and functionality SECTION 13 Street environment SECTION 14 Transport interchanges Streetscape Guidance [Part E – Physical design and materials] High quality footways 95 Standard kerb dimensions on the TLRN Application Standard upstand height for conventional road layouts Standard upstand height for bus stops Suggested minimum kerb height for delineating footway and carriageway Suggested minimum kerb height for delineating footway and cycle track Please note that the minimum kerb height between the cycle track and the carriageway is 125mm Standard upstand height for footway crossovers Upstand height for pedestrian crossings Height above carriageway 125mm 140mm 60mm 50mm 25mm 0mm (ie flush); 6mm is the maximum allowance The physical limitations of pedestrians with mobility impairments should be considered when specifying kerb heights to ensure inclusive design standards are attained. The Accessibility Research Group’s studies in 2009, at University College London (UCL), concluded that heights below 60mm could not be detected by some visually impaired users. It is recommended that should a shared space approach be employed, careful consideration of kerb heights is required based on the character of the road and the amount of activity. Application Standard width Conservation and bespoke width Note: Kerbstones used in conservation areas have a rectangular (200x300mm) profile. They may be laid horizontally, giving a wide, shallow kerb, or vertically, giving a narrow, deep kerb Width 150mm 300mm if laid horizontally; 200mm if laid vertically TfL prefers the use of 200mm width because this allows a height of 300mm, the majority of which is located below carriageway level, thus improving durability compared with shallower constructions (ie 175mm below carriageway compared with 75mm)
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