Joint Strategic Plan on Intellectual Property Enforcement that the perpetrators of the 2004 Madrid train bombings, which killed 191 people, raised illicit proceeds from the sale of pirated CDs and DVDs; and more recently, that those behind the Paris (Charlie Hebdo) terrorist attacks in January 2015, which killed 17 people, raised illicit proceeds from the sale of counterfeit footwear and apparel. See, e.g., John Mintz and Douglas Farah, “Small Scams Probed for Terror Ties,” (The Washington Post: Aug. 12, 2002), accessed from https://www.washingtonpost. com/archive/politics/2002/08/12/small-scams-probed-for-terrorties/acfb904e-002e-49c2-a531-8c7c2e46573b/; Kaplan, Eben, “Tracking Down Terrorist Financing,” (April 4, 2006), accessed from http://www.cfr.org/terrorist-financing/tracking-down-terrorist-financing/p10356; International Herald Tribune, “Counterfeit goods are linked to terror groups,” (February 12, 2007), accessed from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/12/business/ worldbusiness/12iht-fake.4569452.html; Yan, Holly, “Suspected ringleader of Belgian terror cell sought,” (CNN.com: January 19, 2015) (“Sales of counterfeit goods by Charlie Hebdo attacker Cherif Kouachi helped fund the purchase of weapons, a source familiar with the ongoing investigation in France told CNN”), accessed from http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/19/ europe/europe-terror-threat/; Union des Fabricants (UNI- FAB), “Counterfeiting and Terrorism – Edition 2016,” at p.14, accessed from http://www.unifab.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Rapport-A-Terrorisme-2015_GB_22.pdf. 142 See, e.g., Jay Solomon and Gordon Fairclough, “North Korea’s Counterfeit Goods Targeted” (The Wall Street Journal: June 1, 2005) (reporting that since Sept. 11, 2001, North Korea’s sales of counterfeit products, namely counterfeit cigarettes and pharmaceuticals, have grown exponentially from $100 million to $500 million annually), accessed from http://www. wsj.com/articles/SB111756528456047297; Ryall, Julian, “North Korea branches out into ivory, fake cigarette and pharmaceutical trade” (The Telegraph: April 12, 2014), accessed from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/10766587/North-Korea-branches-out-into-ivory-fake-cigarette-and-pharmaceutical-trade.html; Yi Whan-woo, “N. Korea Selling Counterfeit Money To Terrorists” (The Korean Times: June 27, 2016) (reporting that the “cash-strapped regime may try to expand trafficking networks in drugs, weapons, cigarettes, and counterfeit luxury goods as alternative means to generate hard currency following a series of sanctions against it.”), accessed from http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/ nation/2016/06/485_207990.html; The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, “Statement by the Press Secretary on the Executive Order Entitled ‘Imposing Additional Sanctions with Respect to North Korea’,” (January 2, 2015) (naming the Government of North Korea as the actor of the “destructive and coercive cyberattack on Sony Pictures Entertainment”), accessed from https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/01/02/ statement-press-secretary-executive-order-entitled-imposing-additional-s. SECTION 1 143 See Statement of Gordon M. Snow, Assistant Director, United States Federal Bureau of Investigation Cyber Division, Before the Senate Judiciary Committee (June 21, 2011), accessed from https://www.fbi.gov/news/testimony/intellectual-property-law-enforcement-efforts. 144 See The White House, “Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime: Addressing Converging Threats to National Security,” (July 2011), accessed from https://www.whitehouse. gov/sites/default/files/microsites/2011-strategy-combat-transnational-organized-crime.pdf. 56
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