How to Grow More Vegetables : And Fruits, Nuts ... - Shroomery

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7 89 Alan Chadwick Animals Appropriate Technologies Arid Regions/Dryland Farming Bamboo Biodynamic Biointensive (see also GROW BIOINTENSIVE) Calorie/Diet Crops Children’s Books Climate Communities Companion Planting Compost/Carbon/Fodder/Organic Matter/Cover Crops Composting Container Gardening Cookbooks Crafts Development Education (see Learning/Teaching) Pricking Out Transplanting Spotting Planting by the Phases of the Moon Watering Shade Netting Mini-Greenhouses Key Water Factors Weeding Planting in Season Plant-Growing Temperature Ranges Soil Temperatures for Seed Germination Making the Garden Plan / 121 The Garden Year Simple Mini-Garden Companion Planting / 142 Health Nutrition Beneficial Herbs Crop Rotation Multi-Crop Planting A Balanced Natural Backyard Ecosystem and Its Insect Life / 156 Natural Predators Other Initiatives Bibliography / 165 Energy Farming Fertilizer Fiber Crops Flowers Food and Nutrition (see also Solar Cooking) Food Preservation and Storage Fruits, Berries, and Nuts Fukuoka Culture Gardening (see also Container Gardening) Global Perspective Gourds Grains Grasses Greenhouse Culture GROW BIOINTENSIVE (see also Biointensive) Health Hedges Who Is Ecology Action? / 219 Index / 235 MASTER CHARTS (Use Column H for Spacings) Vegetables and Garden Crops Calorie, Grain, Protein Source, and Vegetable Oil Crops Compost, Carbon, Organic Matter, Fodder, and Cover Crops Energy, Fiber, Paper, and Other Crops Tree and Cane Crops Flower Spacing Chart Herb Spacing Chart Four-Year Plans for One-Person Mini-Garden Four-Person Family Food Garden Physical Complementarity Weed, Insect, and Animal Relationships Companionate Vegetable Chart Companionate Herb Chart Insect Pests and Plant Controls Herbs High-Altitude Food Raising History Homesteading Housing Human Waste Hydroponics Income Insect Life and Balance/ Plant Health Intensive Gardening Language and Travel Learning/Teaching “Living Farm” Museums Mushrooms Native Americans Out-of-Print Book Sources Permaculture Philosophy Plant Names Plant Nutrient Indicators Pruning Reference Roots Seed Catalogs Seed Saving Seeds/Diversity Seeds/GMOs Seeds/Green Revolution Seeds/Plant Propagation Soil Solar Cooking Supply Catalogs Sustainable Agriculture Terracing Testing Tools Traditional Agriculture Trees Tropics Vegetables Water Weeds
What are the dimensions of this challenge? Current agricultural practices reportedly destroy approximately 6 pounds of soil for each pound of food produced. 1 United States croplands are losing topsoil about 18 times faster than the soil formation rate. This is not sustainable. In fact, worldwide only about 42 to 84 years’ worth of topsoil remains. 2 Why is this happening? Conventional agricultural practices often deplete the soil 18 to 80 times more rapidly than nature builds soil. This happens when the humus (cured organic matter) in the soil is used up and not replaced, when cropping patterns are used that tend to deplete the soil’s structure, and when minerals are removed from the soil more rapidly than they are replaced. Even organic farming probably depletes the soil 17 to 70 times faster than nature builds it by importing organic matter and minerals from other soils, which thereby become increasingly depleted. The planetary result is a net reduction in overall soil quality. Ecology Action is in its 31st year of rediscovering the original principles behind the highly effective, resource-conserving, and sustainable 4,000-year-old Chinese Biointensive way of farming. One to two millennia ago, cultures in Latin America, Europe, and other parts of Asia developed similar approaches. Ecology Action developed the GROW BIOINTENSIVE growing method, which is patterned after nature’s own intensive biological plantings. Based on over 10,000 years of field trials, the features of GROW BIOINTENSIVE include: • Deep soil preparation, which develops good soil structure. Once this structure is established, it may be maintained for several years with 2-inch-deep surface cultivation (until compaction once again necessitates deep soil preparation). • The use of compost (humus) for soil fertility and nutrients. • Close plant spacing, as in nature. (How surprised we would be to find natural meadows, forests, and fields growing in rows, with the area between the rows resembling long strips of desert.) • Synergistic planting of crop combinations so plants that are grown together enhance each other. • Carbon-efficient crops—planting approximately 60% of the growing area in dual-purpose seed and grain crops for the production of large amounts of carbonaceous material for compost and significant amounts of dietary calories. • Calorie-efficient crops—planting approximately 30% of the growing area in special root crops, such as potatoes, burdock, garlic, and parsnips, which produce a large amount of calories for the diet per unit of area. 1. Developed from U.S. Department of Agriculture statistics. 2. Developed from P. Buringh, “Availability of Agricultural Land for Crop and Livestock Production,” in D. Pimentel and C. W. Hall (eds.), Food and Natural Resources (San Diego: Academic Press, 1989), pp. 69–83, as noted in “Natural Resources and an Optimum Human Population,” David Pimentel, et al., Population and Environment: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. 15, No. 5, May 1994; and with statistics from the United Nations. A PERSPECTIVE FOR THE FUTURE ix
Page 3 and 4: 1972 Ecology Action begins a 1 ⁄
Page 5 and 6: How to A Primer on the Life-Giving
Page 7 and 8: Copyright © 1974, 1979, 1982, 1990
Page 9: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Contents A Perspective
Page 13 and 14: “Our future security now depends
Page 15 and 16: “The Jeavons approach has done mo
Page 17 and 18: xiv HOW TO GROW MADE SIMPLE How to
Page 19 and 20: xvi HOW TO GROW MADE SIMPLE Area-ef
Page 21 and 22: xviii A GENERAL PREFACE Yields can
Page 23 and 24: xx A GENERAL PREFACE Robin Leler Je
Page 25 and 26: xxii AN HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION An
Page 27 and 28: xxiv AN HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION exc
Page 30 and 31: “Nothing happens in living nature
Page 32 and 33: insect problems. Eventually, trace
Page 34 and 35: Between the 1920s and 1930s, Alan C
Page 36 and 37: As you become skilled, the double-d
Page 38 and 39: The proper tools will make the work
Page 40 and 41: 3a. 4. get used to!). However, peop
Page 42 and 43: You can move the soil with the spad
Page 44 and 45: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. at a later poi
Page 46 and 47: 12. 13. 1. 2. 3. 4. indicates. U-ba
Page 48 and 49: carrot cauliflower beet Once this b
Page 50 and 51: Good soil preparation makes GROW BI
Page 52 and 53: farm’s soil being able to produce
Page 54 and 55: The Need for up to “99%” Sustai
Page 56 and 57: How to Better Sustain Your Soil’s
Page 58 and 59: CLARIFICATIONS AND EXAMPLES FOR THE
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“Although funding was not availab
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Despite its worldwide impact, Ecolo
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Qualitatively, some people feel tha
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exchange for plants in the soil. Th
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ehydrate the dry material until it
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CROSS SECTION OF A GROW BIOINTENSIV
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Size and Timing A minimum compost p
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Other people use green manures—co
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FUNCTIONS OF COMPOST IN THE SOIL Im
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5 Fertilization Goal: Build and mai
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NITROGEN (N), PHOSPHORUS (P), AND P
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grown in a small area that is “re
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Eggshells help break up clay and re
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SOIL pH SCALE 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6
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ed and walking across the board. If
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The balanced ecosystem: “Nothing
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Seeds, whether they are planted in
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Now that you have prepared your GRO
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The critical distance above and bel
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will suffer root shock. Results are
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the cabbage family.) If a plant ben
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has been sufficient during previous
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Watering with a wand: Water falls i
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first 2 inches and continues to be
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KEY WATER FACTORS The GROW BIOINTEN
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Weeding Intensively planted raised
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SOIL TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS FOR VEG
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through composting whenever possibl
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Master Charts LETTER CODES A — Ap
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H I J K L1L2 L3 L4 M1 M2 M3 M4 K N
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YIELDS MISCELLANEOUS NUTRITION NOTE
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M2 H I J K L1L2 L3 L4 M1 M3 M4 N O
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H I J K L 1 L 2 L 3 L 4 M 1 M 2 M 3
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H I J K L 1 L 2 L 3 L 4 M 1 M 2 M 3
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H I J K L 1 L 2 L 3 L 4 M 1 M 2 M 3
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H I J K L M N O P Q R In-Bed Spacin
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H I J K L M N O P Q R In-Bed Spacin
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NOTES ON THE PLANNING CHARTS SEED P
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HERB SPACING CHART Height Inches Ap
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7 Making the Garden Plan Goal: Maxi
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When choosing a site for your garde
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6 weeks after last frost __________
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12 weeks after last frost _________
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ONE-PERSON MINI-GARDEN, SECOND YEAR
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Early Spring- Early Summer (Bed 1)
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ONE-PERSON MINI-GARDEN, FOURTH YEAR
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Spring (Bed 1) Spring (Bed 2) basil
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dwarf plum dwarf apple dwarf aprico
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together of all those elements and
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the upper layers of the soil. It ha
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An easier, and probably just as eff
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should be planted at the north side
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Birds, Bees, and Other Animals—So
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Parsley Tomatoes, asparagus Compani
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Peppermint Planted among cabbages,
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Paying attention to the soil and to
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Toads, Snakes, and Spiders—They a
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most of them in the first 3 nights.
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INSECT PESTS AND PLANT CONTROLS 5 I
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Bibliography Ecology Action’s Bou
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Baylor, Byrd. The Desert Is Theirs.
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Swingle, Walter T. A., et al. “Mi
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Eames-Sheavly, Marcia. The Great Am
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University of California Communicat
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*McDougall, John A., and Mary A. Mc
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Smith, Marney. Growing Your Own Foo
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Shirley, Christopher, and The New F
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Hur, Robin. Food Reform: Our Desper
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Service, Texas A&M University Syste
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Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press. 1961. 926
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Swezey, Lauren Bonar. “From Seed
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Dowdeswell, W. H. Hedgerows and Ver
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The Story of Grains and Vegetables.
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Fertile Waste: Dealing Ecologically
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Timber Press, 1996. 479 pp. Rincon-
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LEARNING/TEACHING • “LIVING FAR
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McRobie, George. Small Is Possible.
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Biologische Tuinzaden. 83 De Bolste
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McClure and Zimmerman. P.O. Box 368
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Winterthur. Winterthur, DE 19735. R
Page 236 and 237:
Berkelaar, Edward, Ph.D. “The Eff
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Matter as Critical Components of Pr
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Sustainability of California Agricu
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Crawford, Martin. Chestnuts. Dartin
Page 244 and 245:
Atkins, George. “Growing Crops on
Page 246 and 247:
Harrison, S. G., et al. The Oxford
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WhoIsEcology Action? Ecology Action
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200 square feet in a 6-month growin
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Pounds of food produced per hour =
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Ecology Action Publications Beeby,
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Shepard, Michael, and John Jeavons.
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Inspiration. 6 topics, 13 pp. The b
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Help in Kenya You can help support
Page 264 and 265:
Index African daisy, 118 Agricultur
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Flea beetle, black, 163 Flies, 163
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Raspberries, 112-15, 182, 183 Refer
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More Gardening Books from Ten Speed
Page 272 and 273:
American Biointensive mini-farming
Page 274 and 275:
promotores and residents of mestiza
Page 276:
Juan Manuel Martinez, director of t
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