How to Grow More Vegetables : And Fruits, Nuts ... - Shroomery

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Pounds of food produced per hour = U.S. Commercial Agricultural Average = GROW BIOINTENSIVE High apocalypse, is not ecologically sane, no matter how productive, efficient, or economically sound it may seem” (John Todd, in The New Alchemy Institute Bulletin, No. 2). Biological agriculture can sustain yields because it puts back into the soil those elements needed to sustain fertility. A small-scale personal agriculture recycles the nutrients and humus so important to the microbial life-forms that fix atmospheric nitrogen and produce disease-preventing antibiotics. Potentially can reach the same as with machines as soil and practitioner’s skills improve and yields increase, and through the use of new, simple, labor-saving hand devices—when all labor inputs for both approaches are evaluated. Resource use as compared with U.S. commercial average, per pound of food produced = U.S. Commercial Agricultural Average = GROW BIOINTENSIVE Low (varies by crop, climate, and soil) = GROW BIOINTENSIVE High (varies by crop, climate, and soil) 1 1 /4 Water . . . vegetables 1 /31 1 1 /2 Water . . . grains 1 /8 1 1 /2 1 /62 Purchased nitrogen fertilizer (organic) . . . vegetables WHO IS ECOLOGY ACTION? 223 1 1 /2 1 /8 Purchased nitrogen fertilizer (organic) . . . grains
A 3 224 WHO IS ECOLOGY ACTION? 2 1 Preliminary studies by soil scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, indicate that in as little as a 6-month period (and in as many as 8 years), the soil involved in our tests (which was only a “C-horizon” subsoil material at the beginning) was built up to a humified carbon level equal to hundreds of years of natural soil development! If maintained, this improvement may make possible not only the maintenance of sustainable soil fertility, but also the reclamation of deteriorated and marginal lands. (See the following graph.) The GROW BIOINTENSIVE method also nurtures the soil life and structure, utilizes renewable resources, can be productive economically on a small manual scale, and provides higher yields. SOIL BUILD-UP RATE WITH GROW BIOINTENSIVE PRACTICES AT PALO ALTO SITE COMPARED WITH NORMAL BUILD-UP RATE A. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Observed increase (build-up) in carbon soil (which was subsoil to begin with) at Ecology Action Research Site (tentative figures). The program began in June 1972. %C* 3 2 1 B Normal Soil Genesis “Steady State” Curve shows what happens in good soil if organic matter is artificially added in excess: if left alone the carbon content of the soil will return to the “steady state” level. 0 0 100 250 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 *% C Times�1.7 � % Organic Matter Question: What would the fate of the carbon curve (or nitrogen curve) be if the bed were now left fallow after the normal “intense” organic mater input? 1. � � � � � � � � � Remains at “natural” steady state level? —Unlikely. 2. ••••••••• Substantial drop, but leveling off, then rising again under “natural development”? —Most likely. Accelerated gain of hundreds of years of soil development (in as little as 6 months’ or as much as 8 years’ time with Ecology Action–type cultivation). TIME (in years) 3. Drastic drop back down to zero? —Unlikely. B. Normal build-up of soil by natural processes. ∞ ∞
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1972 Ecology Action begins a 1 ⁄
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How to A Primer on the Life-Giving
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Copyright © 1974, 1979, 1982, 1990
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1 2 3 4 5 6 Contents A Perspective
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What are the dimensions of this cha
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“Our future security now depends
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“The Jeavons approach has done mo
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xiv HOW TO GROW MADE SIMPLE How to
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xvi HOW TO GROW MADE SIMPLE Area-ef
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xviii A GENERAL PREFACE Yields can
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xx A GENERAL PREFACE Robin Leler Je
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xxii AN HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION An
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xxiv AN HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION exc
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“Nothing happens in living nature
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insect problems. Eventually, trace
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Between the 1920s and 1930s, Alan C
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As you become skilled, the double-d
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The proper tools will make the work
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3a. 4. get used to!). However, peop
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You can move the soil with the spad
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. at a later poi
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12. 13. 1. 2. 3. 4. indicates. U-ba
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carrot cauliflower beet Once this b
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Good soil preparation makes GROW BI
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farm’s soil being able to produce
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The Need for up to “99%” Sustai
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How to Better Sustain Your Soil’s
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CLARIFICATIONS AND EXAMPLES FOR THE
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“Although funding was not availab
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Despite its worldwide impact, Ecolo
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Qualitatively, some people feel tha
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exchange for plants in the soil. Th
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ehydrate the dry material until it
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CROSS SECTION OF A GROW BIOINTENSIV
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Size and Timing A minimum compost p
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Other people use green manures—co
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FUNCTIONS OF COMPOST IN THE SOIL Im
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5 Fertilization Goal: Build and mai
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NITROGEN (N), PHOSPHORUS (P), AND P
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grown in a small area that is “re
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Eggshells help break up clay and re
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SOIL pH SCALE 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6
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ed and walking across the board. If
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The balanced ecosystem: “Nothing
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Seeds, whether they are planted in
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Now that you have prepared your GRO
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The critical distance above and bel
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will suffer root shock. Results are
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the cabbage family.) If a plant ben
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has been sufficient during previous
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Watering with a wand: Water falls i
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first 2 inches and continues to be
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KEY WATER FACTORS The GROW BIOINTEN
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Weeding Intensively planted raised
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SOIL TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS FOR VEG
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through composting whenever possibl
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Master Charts LETTER CODES A — Ap
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H I J K L1L2 L3 L4 M1 M2 M3 M4 K N
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YIELDS MISCELLANEOUS NUTRITION NOTE
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M2 H I J K L1L2 L3 L4 M1 M3 M4 N O
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H I J K L 1 L 2 L 3 L 4 M 1 M 2 M 3
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H I J K L 1 L 2 L 3 L 4 M 1 M 2 M 3
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H I J K L 1 L 2 L 3 L 4 M 1 M 2 M 3
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H I J K L M N O P Q R In-Bed Spacin
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H I J K L M N O P Q R In-Bed Spacin
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NOTES ON THE PLANNING CHARTS SEED P
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HERB SPACING CHART Height Inches Ap
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7 Making the Garden Plan Goal: Maxi
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When choosing a site for your garde
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6 weeks after last frost __________
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12 weeks after last frost _________
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ONE-PERSON MINI-GARDEN, SECOND YEAR
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Early Spring- Early Summer (Bed 1)
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ONE-PERSON MINI-GARDEN, FOURTH YEAR
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Spring (Bed 1) Spring (Bed 2) basil
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dwarf plum dwarf apple dwarf aprico
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together of all those elements and
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the upper layers of the soil. It ha
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An easier, and probably just as eff
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should be planted at the north side
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Birds, Bees, and Other Animals—So
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Parsley Tomatoes, asparagus Compani
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Peppermint Planted among cabbages,
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Paying attention to the soil and to
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Toads, Snakes, and Spiders—They a
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most of them in the first 3 nights.
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INSECT PESTS AND PLANT CONTROLS 5 I
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Bibliography Ecology Action’s Bou
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Baylor, Byrd. The Desert Is Theirs.
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Swingle, Walter T. A., et al. “Mi
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Eames-Sheavly, Marcia. The Great Am
Page 202 and 203: University of California Communicat
Page 204 and 205: *McDougall, John A., and Mary A. Mc
Page 206 and 207: Smith, Marney. Growing Your Own Foo
Page 208 and 209: Shirley, Christopher, and The New F
Page 210 and 211: Hur, Robin. Food Reform: Our Desper
Page 212 and 213: Service, Texas A&M University Syste
Page 214 and 215: Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press. 1961. 926
Page 216 and 217: Swezey, Lauren Bonar. “From Seed
Page 218 and 219: Dowdeswell, W. H. Hedgerows and Ver
Page 220 and 221: The Story of Grains and Vegetables.
Page 222 and 223: Fertile Waste: Dealing Ecologically
Page 224 and 225: Timber Press, 1996. 479 pp. Rincon-
Page 226 and 227: LEARNING/TEACHING • “LIVING FAR
Page 228 and 229: McRobie, George. Small Is Possible.
Page 230 and 231: Biologische Tuinzaden. 83 De Bolste
Page 232 and 233: McClure and Zimmerman. P.O. Box 368
Page 234 and 235: Winterthur. Winterthur, DE 19735. R
Page 236 and 237: Berkelaar, Edward, Ph.D. “The Eff
Page 238 and 239: Matter as Critical Components of Pr
Page 240 and 241: Sustainability of California Agricu
Page 242 and 243: Crawford, Martin. Chestnuts. Dartin
Page 244 and 245: Atkins, George. “Growing Crops on
Page 246 and 247: Harrison, S. G., et al. The Oxford
Page 248 and 249: WhoIsEcology Action? Ecology Action
Page 250 and 251: 200 square feet in a 6-month growin
Page 254 and 255: Ecology Action Publications Beeby,
Page 256 and 257: Shepard, Michael, and John Jeavons.
Page 258 and 259: Inspiration. 6 topics, 13 pp. The b
Page 260: Help in Kenya You can help support
Page 264 and 265: Index African daisy, 118 Agricultur
Page 266 and 267: Flea beetle, black, 163 Flies, 163
Page 268 and 269: Raspberries, 112-15, 182, 183 Refer
Page 270 and 271: More Gardening Books from Ten Speed
Page 272 and 273: American Biointensive mini-farming
Page 274 and 275: promotores and residents of mestiza
Page 276: Juan Manuel Martinez, director of t
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