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Fundamental Food Microbiology, Third Edition - Fuad Fathir

Fundamental Food Microbiology, Third Edition - Fuad Fathir

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MICROORGANISMS USED IN FOOD FERMENTATION 135<br />

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QUESTIONS<br />

1. Discuss the criteria used to select a microorganism for beneficial purposes in foods.<br />

2. List the different ways microorganisms are used beneficially in foods.<br />

3. List the genera that are now included in the group of lactic acid bacteria.<br />

4. List the genera currently used as starter cultures in food fermentation.<br />

5. List one species each from Lactococcus and Streptococcus, and two each from<br />

Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Bifidobacterium, and Propionibacterium, used in food<br />

fermentation.<br />

6. How are the species in genus Lactobacillus (the basis) divided into groups? List<br />

two species from each group.<br />

7. When are the following terms used: lactococci and Lactococcus; streptococci and<br />

Streptococcus; leuconostocs and Leuconostoc; pediococci and Pediococcus; and<br />

lactobacilli and Lactobacillus?<br />

8. Name three bacterial species that are now used as probiotic bacteria.<br />

9. In yeast fermentation of different foods and beverages, only one species is used.<br />

Name the species, and discuss how one species can be effective in so many<br />

fermentation processes. Discuss the characteristics of bottom and top yeasts. Name<br />

a species that is now used commercially to produce b-galactosidase (lactase).<br />

10. How are molds used in different ways in food? Name two species and list their<br />

uses. What precautions are needed while using a mold strain in food fermentation?

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