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Fundamental Food Microbiology, Third Edition - Fuad Fathir

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356 FUNDAMENTAL FOOD MICROBIOLOGY<br />

REFERENCES<br />

1. Bean, N.H. and Griffin, P.M., <strong>Food</strong>borne disease outbreaks in the United States, 1973-<br />

1987, J. <strong>Food</strong> Prot., 53, 804, 1990.<br />

2. Bean, N.H., Griffin, P.M., Goulding, J.S., and Ivey, C.B., <strong>Food</strong>borne disease outbreaks,<br />

5-year summary, 1983-1987, J. <strong>Food</strong> Prot., 53, 711, 1990.<br />

3. Tatini, S.R., Influence of food environments on growth of Staphylococcus aureus and<br />

production of various enterotoxins, J. Milk <strong>Food</strong> Technol., 36, 559, 1973.<br />

4. Smith, J.L., Buchanan, R.L., and Palumbo, S.L., Effects of food environment on<br />

staphylococcal enterotoxin synthesis: a review, J. <strong>Food</strong> Prot., 46, 545, 1983.<br />

5. Garvani, R.B. Bacterial foodborne diseases, Dairy <strong>Food</strong> Environ. Sanit., 7, 77, 1987.<br />

6. Halpin-Dohnalek, M. and Marth, E.M., Staphylococcus aureus — production of<br />

extracellular compounds and behavior in foods: a review, J. <strong>Food</strong> Prot., 52, 262, 1989.<br />

7. Acheson, D., Toxins associated with foodborne illness, <strong>Food</strong> Qual., 6(6), 30, 1999.<br />

8. Hard-English, P., York, G. Stier, R., and Cocotas, P., Staphylococcal food poisoning<br />

outbreaks caused by canned mushrooms from China, <strong>Food</strong> Technol., 44(12), 74, 1990.<br />

9. Anonymous, <strong>Food</strong> and environmental health, Dairy <strong>Food</strong> Environ. Sanit., 7, 413,<br />

1987.<br />

10. Zottola, E.A., Botulism, Ext. Bull. No. 372, Agricultural Experimental Station Service,<br />

University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.<br />

11. Pierson, M.D. and Reddy, N.R., Clostridium botulinum, <strong>Food</strong> Technol., 42(4), 196,<br />

1988.<br />

12. Foster, E.M., Clostridium botulinum, <strong>Food</strong> Technol., 40(8), 16, 1986.<br />

13. Kautler, D.A., Lilly, T., Solomon, H.M., and Lynt, R.K., Clostridium botulinum<br />

species in infant foods: a survey, J. <strong>Food</strong> Prot., 45, 1028, 1982.<br />

14. Communicable Disease Center, Outbreak of type E botulism associated with an<br />

uneviscerated, salt-cured fish products — New Jersey, Morbid. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.,<br />

41, 521, 1992.<br />

15. Bullerman, L.B., Significance of mycotoxins to food safety and human health, J.<br />

<strong>Food</strong> Prot., 42, 65, 1979.<br />

16. Moorman, M., Mycotoxins and food supply, Dairy <strong>Food</strong> Environ. Sanit., 10, 207,<br />

1990.<br />

QUESTIONS<br />

1. List five characteristics of foodborne intoxication.<br />

2. Describe some growth characteristics of Sta. aureus strains that give them an<br />

advantage for growth and toxin production in a food. Name two known food types<br />

that have the highest incidence of staphylococcal poisoning and state the predisposing<br />

causes.<br />

3. List the characteristics of the enterotoxins of Sta. aureus and discuss the mechanisms<br />

by which they produce enteric symptoms.<br />

4. List the symptoms of staphylococcal food poisoning, and discuss how the disease<br />

can be differentiated from other food poisoning of microbial origin.<br />

5. From a case of staphylococcal food poisoning outbreak (get it from the instructor<br />

or the Internet), determine the sequence of events in the outbreak. What precautions<br />

could have been taken to avoid the incidence?<br />

6. Describe how foodborne botulism differs from infant botulism.

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