378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Series 4, Volume 63, No. 12 FIGURE 15. Eocnides fragilis Uéno; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1029485). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1029485), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality records (red circles) for E.fragilis in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km.
DEUVE ET AL.: CARABID BEETLE FAUNA OF THE GAOLIGONG MOUNTAINS 379 tor [1 female; CAS]. This record extends the range of E. fragilis in Sichuan. The discovery of E.fragilis in the northern Gaoligong Shan region, in western Yunnan Province, extends its known range an additional 260 km Sw. Genus Trechus Clairville, 1806 Trechus Clairville, 1806:22. TYPE SPECIES.— Carabus rubens, Clairville, 1806 [nec Fabricius, 1801] (= Carabus quadristriatus Schrank, 1781), designated by Blanchard (in Audouin et al. 1841, plate 25). See also comments on type species by Bousquet (2012: 505). DIAGNOSIS.— Adults of this genus (Fig. 17-25) can be recognized by the following combination of character states: size very small to small for family (BL = 2.5 to 7.0 mm), fully-winged or apterous, eyes large and projected or reduced, with some members eyeless; body color varied, from pale yellowish-tan to black; body form varied, compact and convex in most members, more slender and depressed in some members; labrum with anterior margin concave; right mandible bidentate or tridentate, but with the premolar fused with the retinaculum; submentum free, not fused with mentum, with six setae anteriorly in most members; pronotum with disc glabrous, two pairs of setae lateral present, one each side near middle and near basal angle; elytra with discal striae distinctly impressed and complete or more or less effaced, recurrent stria distinct, discal setae only on interval 3, near or in stria 3 in most members, two setae present in most members, but with more, one or none present in a few members; preapical seta present near discal stria 2 or absent, in a few members present and inserted more anteriorly in a discal position on interval 3 near stria 2 or 3; umbilicate setae of the humeral group equally spaced; protibiae longitudinally furrowed or not. COMMENTS.— As can be inferred from the above diagnosis, the large genus Trechus is markedly heterogeneous and probably polyphyletic. This hypothesis of polyphyletism has been corroborated by early results of analyzes of nucleic acid sequences data (Faille et al. 2010, 2013a). Among morphological features commonly used in comparative systematic studies of genus Trechus, two deserve special attention because they have allowed us to distinguish three new genera, described below, among species occuring in the Gaoligong Shan Mountains. These features include (1) the presence and position or the absence of a preapical elytral seta, and (2) the dentition of the mandibles. 1) Presenceandpositionofpreapicalseta: The primary elytral discal setae of carabid beetles are located on the odd intervals: 3, 5, 7 and 9 (Jeannel 1941). Jeannel named the setae of interval 9 the “sérieombiliquée”, the umbilicate series. In members of subtribe Trechina, the umbilicate series includes a group of four consecutive humeral setae, a middle group of two consecutive setae, and two more isolated posterior setae; discal setae are absent from interval 7; they occur on interval 5 in some members (eg., in Trechiama Jeannel (1927) and Epaphiopsis Uéno (1953)). In most members, there are three setae on interval 3, inserted subbasally, near the middle and preapically, respectively. Although this can be considered the basic number for members of the subtribe, but this number is varied, more or less. In members of genus Trechus, there are typically three discal setae in interval 3, the first two inserted in or against stria 3, the third in prepical position inserted against stria 2. In some species (eg., Trechus perissus Andrewes (1936), described from Sikkim (see Uéno 1972a), or Trechus setitemporalis Deuve (2005), described from southern Xizang Autonomous Region), an additional discal seta is present, inserted next to stria 3, between the middle and preapical setae. In a few species, it is the preapical seta itself, typically inserted preapically against stria 2 that is advanced anteriorly to a discal position on the 3rd interval and inserted either in the center of the interval or