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292 PrOCeedINgS OF THe CALIFOrNIA ACAdeMy OF SCIeNCeS Series 4, Volume 63, No. 8 ANNOTATed CATALOg OF THe VASCULAr PLANTS IN THe SOUTHerN BLACK MOUNTAINS Our list of plants is based in large part on extensive collection and examination of specimens deposited at ArIz, ASC, ASU, CAS, deS, gMdrC, MNA, and UCr. we conducted 11 field trips of from one to six days each between 1986 and 1993. eight of the trips involved sampling the springtime flora between February and May; two of the trips were in June and August; and one trip was in November. An effort was made to sample the diversity of habitats represented. Some sites were revisited in order to obtain a more complete inventory and adequate material for identification. Figure 1 shows the boundary of our flora area and the sites we sampled. Our collections from the southern Black Mountains consist of 1040 numbers, with a complete set of voucher specimens deposited at CAS and duplicates (when available) distributed to ASU, MO, and Ny. A query of SeINet (2016) identified several species that might be expected to occur in the southern Black Mountains but which were not encountered by us. we examined these specimens or in some <strong>case</strong>s images of them in order to verify their localities and identifications. The vascular flora of the study area consists of 471 species in 276 genera representing 72 families. In at least 44 species infraspecific taxa are recognized, and in seven of these species more than one infraspecific taxon occurs in the southern Black Mountains. Thus, 478 taxa at the rank of species or below are recognized in our study.The flora is summarized based on major taxonomic categories (Table 1), numbers of genera and species in the largest families and numbers of species in the largest genera (Table 2), and life-form (Table 3). The life-form spectrum (Table 3) is characteristic of arid regions—the 205 total ephemeral herbs comprise 43% of the total flora. Thirtyeight taxa (8% of the flora) are not native to the flora of Arizona; most of them have been introduced from europe. This is nearly the same percentage that was noted by Kearney et al. (7%; 1960) for the non-native flora of the state.The non-native species, Bromus rubens and Erodium cicutarium, are abundant and conspicuous throughout much of the flora area (Fig. 2). Occurrences of at least 12 taxa in the southern Black Mountains are noteworthy. Monardella eplingii (Fig. 6), a recently described species that is endemic to the Black Mountains (elvin et al. 2013), is found on various volcanic substrates in cracks of bedrock, among boulders along tributaries, and on rock outcrops, cliffs, and open rocky slopes. In our flora area, the species occurs in association with Mixed desert Scrub and High-gradient desert wash Scrub plant communities at elevations between 850–1100 m (2789–3608 ft). Six taxa appear to occur at a geographic limit of their respective distributions in the southern Black Mountains: Asclepias albicans (northern), Astragalis newberryi var. blyae (western), Carnegiea gigantea (northwestern), Packera quercetorum (western), Phacelia saxicola (southern), and Parkinsonia microphylla (northern). Five additional taxa occur at a geographic limit of the Arizona portion of their respective distributions in our study area: Coreopsis californica (northern and western), Parkinsonia florida (northern), Psorothamnus spinosus (northern), Typha latifolia (western), and Yucca schidigera (southeastern). In the following list, nomenclature and taxonomic circumscriptions generally follow Flora of North America North of Mexico (Flora of North America editorial Committee 1993–2016), The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California (Baldwin et al. 2012), Vascular Plants of Arizona Project (Vascular Plants of Arizona editorial Committee 1992–2015), and Arizona Flora (Kearney et al. 1960) in that order and as published. In some <strong>case</strong>s, more recent and/or widely used synonyms are provided. In the following catalog, the name and author of each taxon are followed by an indication of whether the species is native or introduced, life form, plant community(ies) of occurrence, and reference to at least one voucher collection studied. In the collection numbers, “B” refers to a collection by Butterwick (or Butterwick et al.), “dB” refers to a collection by daniel and
BUTTerwICK & dANIeL: FLOrA OF SOUTHerN BLACK MTS., ArIzONA 293 TABLe 1. Summary of the flora of the southern Black Mountains by major taxonomic categories. Infraspecific taxa refers to species with occurrences of more than one variety or subspecies in the flora area. Families genera Species Infraspecific Taxa Ferns 1 3 5 0 gymnosperms 3 3 3 0 Flowering Plants 68 270 463 7 Totals 72 276 471 7 TABLe 2. Numbers of genera and species in the largest families and numbers of species in the largest genera. Largest families genera/Species Largest genera Species Asteraceae 55/89 Cryptantha 12 Poaceae 29/53 Eriogonum 12 Boraginaceae 12/35 Phacelia 7 Fabaceae 13/24 Bromus 6 Brassicaceae 14/19 Chylismia 5 Cactaceae 7/16 Cylindropuntia 5 Polygonaceae 4/16 Eleocharis 5 Ericameria 5 Gilia 5 Juncus 5 Muhlenbergia 5 TABLe 3. Spectrum of life forms in the flora of the southern Black Mountains. wA = winter ephemeral herb; SA = summer ephemeral herb; yrA = year-round ephemeral herb; PH = perennial herb; PV = perennial vine; S = shrub; T = tree; SS = stem succulent; LSS = leaf semisucculent; LS = leaf succulent. Total flora refers to the 478 total taxa at the rank of species or below. wA SA yrA PH PV S T SS LSS LS Number of species 182 17 6 155 7 75 15 16 4 1 Percent of total flora 38 3.6 1.2 32.6 1.5 15.7 3.1 3.4 0.8 0.2 Butterwick, “dBH” refers to a collection by daniel, Butterwick, and deborah Hillyard, “dBa” refers to a collection by daniel and Bruce Bartholomew, and “dBP” refers to a collection by daniel, Butterwick, Arthur Phillips, and Barbara Phillips. The location of these collections is noted above. For all other collections, the herbarium in which the specimen is deposited is noted. Plant communities in the southern Black Mountains are designated with the abbreviations listed below. BBS Blackbrush Scrub CBS Creosote Bush Scrub dOw desert Oasis woodland HdwS High-gradient desert wash Scrub LdwS Low-gradient desert wash Scrub MdS Mixed desert Scrub PJw Pinyon-Juniper woodland SSM Streamside Marsh
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