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334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Series 4, Volume 63, No. 11 found in any species of Pison. I have discovered additional undescribed species of Aulacophilinus in the Western Pacific with the same type of mandible, but the abdomen is not petiolate. Thus Aulacophilinus contains species that are more like Pison in their general facies. The distinctive mandible defines Aulacophilinus. The petiolate abdomen of Aulacophilinus rennellensis is strikng (Fig. 1) but this condition is known in some Pison s.s.: pistillum Menke, 1988 and woji Menke, 1988, both from New Guinea. There are other petiolate or clavate species but the examples just listed are the most extreme. The genus Pisonoides was described for obliteratum Smith (1857), a petiolate species known from India and Indonesia, but abdominal structure is too variable to be used as a generic character. Other petiolate species like Pisonoides obliteratum are the Australian Pison icariodes Turner, 1908, and P. difficile Turner, 1908. Antropov (1999) synonymized Aulacophilinus with Pison, a genus with which it is more closely allied. But Lomholdt’s genus is here resurrected from synonymy. Naumann (1990) described and keyed four Australian species of Pison, two of which were new, that have an apically truncate mandible as in Aulacophilinus. He called the assemblage the caliginosum group, and included caliginosum Turner, mandibulatum Turner, pyrrhicum Naumann, and weiri Naumann. I have discovered more species with this type of mandible in New Guinea, one of which is described below. All of these species belong in the genus Aulacophilinus and are new combinations. SOURCES OF MATERIAL American Entomological Institute, Logan, Utah (David Wahl) Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii (Gordon Nishida) The Natural History Museum, London, England (Colin Vardy)(BMNH) Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark (Ole Lomboldt) TERMINOLOGY AND PROCEDURES I follow Bohart and Menke (1976) and Harris (1979) for terms. Scanning electron photographs were made by me at the Smithsonian SEM facility back in the 1980s. Genus Aulacophilinus Lomholdt, revised status Aulacophilinus Lomholdt, 1980. The Natural History of Rennell Island, British Solomon Islands 8:27. Monotypic. Aulacophilinus, Antropov, 1999. Zoologischeskiy Zhurnal 78:562. Synonymized Aulacophilinus with Pison. When Lomholdt described his new genus, he compared it to the Neotropical genus Aulacophilus Turner because of similar abdominal elongation, the presence of only two submarginal cells, and the absence of a carina at the top of the propodeal side. These are superficial resemblances, however, and in my opinion Aulacophilinus is more closely allied with Pison. In fact Antropov (1999) realized the true affinities of Lomholdt’s genus and synonymized it with Pison. The peculiar elongate abdominal petiole of rennellensis (Fig. 1) is approached or paralleled by several species of Pison (woji Menke, pistillum Menke, icarioides Turner, difficile Turner). The broad mandible common to the various species discussed here is an apomorphy that in my opinion elevates Aulacophilinus to genus. The mandible in this genus is acuminate apically, but the inner (or cutting) edge is broadly expanded in an angular fashion near its apical one-third (Figs. 3, 8). In addition, the margin of the cutting edge is narrowly polished. This smooth rim extends along the truncation and around the sharp mandibular apex (Figs. 3, 7). The ventral (posterior) edge of the mandible is fringed with very short, dense setae. Both sexes share this unique type of mandible,
MENKE: NOTES ON WASP GENERA PISON, ENTOMOPISON, AULACOPHILINUS 335 FIGURES 1–4, Aulacophilinus rennellensis, male features. 1, lateral profile of abdomen. 2, front view of head. 3 and 4, mandible, clypeus, and labrum and I agree with Naumann (1990) that this is an apomorphy for Aulacophilinus. Another feature common to species of Aulacophilinus is a narrow labrum (Figs. 4, 8) and it may prove to be an additional apomorphy. The species of Aulacophilinus are rather diverse morphologically. Two species, A. caliginosus and A. weiri, have two submarginal cells, the rest three; A. weiri has an omaulus on the mesopleuron and a transverse carina on the pronotal collar; two species have a crenulate ridge at the top of the propodeal side (A. caliginosus, A. mandibulatus); and among the included species the occipital carina varies from a complete circle to interrupted at the midventral line of the head. Aulacophilinus amblygnathus Menke, sp. nov. TYPES.— Holotype male: New Guinea: Wau, October l969, P. Shanahan (American Entomological Institute). Paratypes: one female with same data as holotype (American Entomological Institute); one female, Wau, 1200 m, Nov. l, l965, P. Shanahan (Bishop Museum). DESCRIPTION: Holotype male.— Black, shiny except frons and antenna dull, flagellomeres VII-XI pale beneath; clypeus and lower frons with short, appressed silver setae that obscure sculpture; head and thorax with long, erect pale setae except setae in ocellar triangle shorter and black; gaster with short, decumbent, pale setae; wing veins dark brown, membrane slightly infuscate.
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