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Neftegaz.RU #3-17 ENG

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SPECIAL SECTION<br />

Classifier<br />

ROLLING DRILLING TOOL<br />

1.1 The equipment<br />

for oil and gas<br />

extracting<br />

1.1.1 Drilling equipment<br />

and instruments<br />

1.1.1.1.5 Drilling tools<br />

In drilling the wells the most<br />

widely used the rolling drilling<br />

bits. They performed yearly<br />

about 85% from the penetration<br />

volume in our country and abroad.<br />

On the operating principle it is<br />

breaking and shearing instrument.<br />

According to the design, rolling<br />

drilling bit is related to the<br />

mechanisms, as it has the rotation<br />

parts, positioned on the support<br />

bearing devices.<br />

The most popular is three-rolling<br />

drilling bit. The design of such bit<br />

allows the best way mechanism<br />

of the instrument to fit into the<br />

cylindrical well with three cone<br />

roller hits. At than it is ensured<br />

the appropriate centering and the<br />

constancy of performance the<br />

hit. Three rolling drilling bits are<br />

produced as sectional (without<br />

housing).<br />

Sectional three rolling drilling bit is<br />

made from the sections, welded<br />

together on all external loop of the<br />

contact surfaces. At that the upper<br />

segments of the sections for the<br />

connection head, on which the<br />

conical external thread is cut. The<br />

middle part makes a whole in the<br />

result of welding the shoes. On<br />

the external surface of the shoes,<br />

reaming lugs, beads and stiffening<br />

plates and round semi cylindrical<br />

nozzle boss are provided. Nozzles<br />

are fixed with the capture lock.<br />

The Sealing of the gapping<br />

between the nozzle and internal<br />

wall of the cavity is provided with<br />

the rubber sealing.<br />

Shirttail is usually protected with<br />

anti-abrasive coating. On the<br />

back of the roller hit the protection<br />

coating with good resistance to<br />

the abrasion of the calibrated<br />

surface, divided by one of the<br />

cone surface of the roller hit<br />

housing is overlaid. The tip of<br />

the first roller hit is made with the<br />

spade-shaped elements.<br />

On the upper butt end of the<br />

connection head the size, fabric<br />

number and frilling bit type, trade<br />

mark and batch number of the<br />

drilling bits is punched.<br />

Internal elements of the<br />

drilling bit<br />

The support of the roller hit is<br />

usually consists of the projecting<br />

central shaft, making a whole with<br />

the lug and bearings, allowing free<br />

rotation of the roller bit relating to<br />

the central shaft and transferring<br />

the axial and radial loads. One of<br />

the bearings simultaneously with<br />

the specified functions perform the<br />

role of the locking, fixing device,<br />

supporting the roller hit on the<br />

center shaft from the longitudinal<br />

displacement. So, such bearing<br />

is called locking. As a rule, it is<br />

made as ball bearing. Its balls are<br />

established in the corresponding<br />

hole through the cylindrical pass,<br />

drilled in the central shaft and<br />

locked after its installation with the<br />

special part, called locking plug.<br />

This part has a shape of the bar<br />

and performs the function of the<br />

plug, coming into the pass and not<br />

allowing the balls to roll out of the<br />

track.<br />

[3] <strong>Neftegaz</strong>.<strong>RU</strong> ~ 77

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