Final NB 2016-2017 Turley

The Learning Goal for this assignment is:
The students will learn how the interactions between water molecules account for the unique
properties of water and how aqueous solutions form.
Take note over the follow ing chapter. Use the Headings provided to organize your notes. Define and number all highlighted vocabulary (total 22 ) as w ell
as summarize and take notes over the sections. You may add pictures w here needed. The pictures should be an appropriate size. Use Arial 12 for all
text. This document should be 2 pages and should be saved as a pdf before you submit it into Angel.
Chapter 15 Water and Aqueous Systems
Pages 488 - 507
15.1 Water and Its Properties
Water in the Liquid State
Surface Tension 1 -The inward force, or pull, that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid.
Surfacant 2 -Any substance that interferes with the hydrogen bonding between water molecules
thereby reduces surface tension.
Water is the key to life on earth and what allows humans, animals, and plants to
prosper. It can be found as Ice, water vapor, snow and of course I its liquid form.
Water is a very simple molecules and consists of two hydrogen atoms and one
oxygen atom. With the oxygen having a greater electronegativity it pulls the
oxygen up and pushes the two hydrogens down.
-Many unique properties of water—including its high surface tension, low vapor
pressure, and high boiling point—result from hydrogen bonding.
-The ability of the water’s surface to act as a skin can be best explained by the water molecules ability
to form hydrogen bonds.
-Although the hydrogen bond is balanced, however the water molecules at the surface of the figure
experience an unbalanced reaction.
-Water has one of the highest surface tensions compared to other liquids.
-To decrease a surface tension you can add a surfactant.
-Soaps and detergents are examples of surfactants
-Hydrogen bonding explains waters low vapor pressure.
Water in the Solid State
Water is one of the few liquids that when frozen it is less dense than the liquid
form and is given the ability to float in its own liquid. In usual solids is becomes
denser because of the particles coming closer together. In water this is not the
case. When water freezes it creates an open framework of water molecules in a
hexagon arrangement allowing for a decrease of density, which gives ice the ability to float in water.
-Water freezes at 0 degrees.
-Water when frozen has a lower density than when in its liquid state.
-A layer of ice on top of the water acts as an insulator for the water below preventing it from
completely freezing.
15.2 Homogeneous Aqueous Systems
Solutions
Aqueous Solution 3 -Water that contains dissolved substances
Solvent 4- The dissolving medium
Solute 5 -The dissolved particles in a solution
Solvation 6 -The process by which their positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded
by solvent molecules.
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