Final NB 2016-2017 Turley

More documents

Recommendations

Info

54 Learning Goal for this section: Explain and compare nuclear reactions (radioactive decay, fission and fusion), the energy changes associated with them and their associated safety issues. Notes Section: P- 1 amu N- 1amu E- none More neutrons= more likely to be radioactive Carbon dating= estimating the age past the living thing 238 92 U --> 234 90 TH 4 2 H Alpha particle If it goes through alpha radiation than it will become helium uranium Beta Particle Negative- C-N, 7 protons and 7 neutrons means stable Postive- Vhange one of the protons to a neutron mass-bigger # chemical symbol proton #Gama Radiation- energyHalf life- when an radioactive substance loses half the mass over a period of time. radionuclides have a particular half life Alpha and Beta rays emit gamma rays Neutrons and protons make up the mass of the nucleus Alpha decay only occurs in certain elements Elements can have neutrons with diffierent nuclei in them All
The Nucleus A typical model of the atom is called the Bohr Model, in honor of Niels Bohr who proposed the structure in 1913. The Bohr atom consists of a central nucleus composed of neutrons and protons, which is surrounded by electrons which “orbit” around the nucleus. Protons carry a positive charge of one and have a mass of about 1 atomic mass unit or amu (1 amu =1.7x10- 27 kg, a very, very small number). Neutrons are electrically “neutral” and also have a mass of about 1 amu. In contrast electron carry a negative charge and have mass of only 0.00055 amu. The number of protons in a nucleus determines the element of the atom. For example, the number of protons in uranium is 92 and the number in neon is 10. The proton number is often referred to as Z. Atoms with different numbers of protons are called elements, and are arranged in the periodic table with increasing Z. Atoms in nature are electrically neutral so the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus equals the number of protons in the nucleus. Neutrons make up the remaining mass of the nucleus and provide a means to “glue” the protons in place. Without neutrons, the nucleus would split apart because the positive protons would repel each other. Elements can have nucleii with different numbers of neutrons in them. For example hydrogen, which normally only has one proton in the nucleus, can have a neutron added to its nucleus to from deuterium, ir have two neutrons added to create tritium, which is radioactive. Atoms of the same element which vary in neutron number are called isotopes. Some elements have many stable isotopes (tin has 10) while others have only one or two. We express isotopes with the nomenclature Neon-20 or 20 Ne 10, with twenty representing the total number of neutrons and protons in the atom, often referred to as A, and 10 representing the number of protons (Z). Alpha Particle Decay Alpha decay is a radioactive process in which a particle with two neutrons and two protons is ejected from the nucleus of a radioactive atom. The particle is identical to the nucleus of a helium atom. Alpha decay only occurs in very heavy elements such as uranium, thorium and radium. The nuclei of these atoms are very “neutron rich” (i.e. have a lot more neutrons in their nucleus than they do protons) which makes emission of the alpha particle possible. After an atom ejects an alpha particle, a new parent atom is formed which has two less neutrons and two less protons. Thus, when uranium-238 (which has a Z of 92) decays by alpha emission, thorium-234 is created (which has a Z of 90). Because alpha particles contain two protons, they have a positive charge of two. Further, alpha particles are very heavy and very energetic compared to other common types of radiation. These characteristics allow alpha particles to interact readily with materials they encounter, including air, causing many ionizations in a very short distance. Typical alpha particles will travel no more than a few centimeters in air and are stopped by a sheet of paper. 55
Page 2 and 3:
Honors Chemistry Class Policies and
Page 4 and 5:
Unit 1 (22 days) Chapter 1 Introduc
Page 6 and 7: 4 Lorenzo Walker Technical High Sch
Page 8 and 9: MUSTANG LABORATORIES COMMITMENT TO
Page 10 and 11: Chapter 1 Unit 1 Introduction to Ch
Page 12 and 13: 10 Benchmark: Students will be able
Page 14 and 15: 12 2. One cereal bar has a mass of
Page 16 and 17: 14 1. How many meters are in one ki
Page 18 and 19: 16 The Learning Goal for this assig
Page 20 and 21: RULE #3: To add/subtract in scienti
Page 22 and 23: The Learning Goal for this assignme
Page 24 and 25: 22 Rule 3: A final zero or trailing
Page 26 and 27: 24 For addition and subtraction, lo
Page 28 and 29: 26 Dimensional Analysis This is a w
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 4 Unit 2 Atomic Structure T
Page 34 and 35: Looking at Ions We haven’t talked
Page 36 and 37: Neutron Madness We have already lea
Page 38 and 39: 36
Page 42 and 43: In the space below, write the unabb
Page 44 and 45: Create groups for these Scientist a
Page 46 and 47: The Learning Goal for this Assignme
Page 48 and 49: Define Atomic Size: Atomic Size Ato
Page 50 and 51: Define Electronegativity: Electrone
Page 52 and 53: 50 Unit 3 Chapter 25 Nuclear Chemis
Page 54 and 55: Name ____________________ Go to the
Page 58 and 59: 56 Beta Particle Decay Beta decay i
Page 62 and 63: 60 Ion Charge? What is the charge o
Page 66 and 67: C 2 H 6 O Ethanol CH 3 CH 2 O Step
Page 68 and 69: Linear Molecular Geometry Orbital E
Page 70 and 71: Bent Molecular Geometry Orbital Equ
Page 72 and 73: Trigonal Pyramidal Molecular Geomet
Page 74 and 75: Trigonal Bi Pyramidal Molecular Geo
Page 76 and 77: Octahedral Molecular Geometry Orbit
Page 78 and 79: Orbitals Equation Lone Pairs Angle
Page 80 and 81: 78 Chapter 9 Unit 4 Chemical Names
Page 82 and 83: 80 Isomers Isomers are compounds wi
Page 84 and 85: Unit 5 Chapter 10 Chemical Quantiti
Page 86 and 87: LG:The students will learn how bala
Page 88 and 89: LG:The students will learn how chem
Page 90 and 91: List what type the following reacti
Page 92 and 93: LG:The students will learn how chem
Page 94 and 95: Step 5 Balance the hydrogen atoms n
Page 96 and 97: 6) ___ Mn(NO2)2 + ___ BeCl2 ___ Be
Page 100 and 101: Stoichiometry and Balanced Equation
Page 102 and 103: Step 1: 200g C3H8 is equal to 4.54
Page 104 and 105: 102 Stoichiometry and balanced equa
Page 106 and 107:
%yield = 6.1 tons × 100 = 64% 9.6t
Page 108 and 109:
Use the space provided to write out
Page 110 and 111:
Unit 6 Chapter 13 States of Matter
Page 112 and 113:
LG:The students will learn what are
Page 114 and 115:
13.2 The Nature of Liquids A Model
Page 116 and 117:
114 LG:The students will learn how
Page 118 and 119:
116
Page 120 and 121:
118
Page 122 and 123:
1 120 Charles' Law - A gas system h
Page 124 and 125:
Combined Gas Law: The law that desc
Page 126 and 127:
The Learning Goal for this assignme
Page 128 and 129:
Unit 7 Chapter 16 Solutions The stu
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Part 5: Molarity Molarity (M) is th
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
The Time-Temperature Graph We are g
Page 138 and 139:
Step Two: solid ice melts Now, we c
Page 140 and 141:
Step Four: liquid water boils Now,
Page 142 and 143:
The following table summarizes the
Page 144 and 145:
The Learning Goal for this section
Page 146 and 147:
10 When a reaction is at equilibriu
Page 148 and 149:
see the credibility to answer D by
Page 150 and 151:
Unit 8 Chapter 19 Acid and Bases Th
Page 152 and 153:
The Learning Goal for this section
Page 154 and 155:
This would be a generic base: XOH -
Page 156 and 157:
154 HCl + H2O ⇌ H3O + + Cl¯ HCl
Page 158 and 159:
Several categories of substances ca
Page 160 and 161:
1. 2.82 2. 8.30 3. 0.00 4. 3.485 5.
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
2. What is the oxidation number of
Page 166 and 167:
One point of concern: notice that e
Page 168 and 169:
Reference Tables for Physical Setti
Page 170 and 171:
150. 140. Table G Solubility Curves
Page 172 and 173:
Table I Heats of Reaction at 101.3
Page 174 and 175:
Table O Symbols Used in Nuclear Che
Page 176 and 177:
0 6.941 +1 Li 3 2-1 Na 39.0983 K +1
Page 178 and 179:
First Atomic Symbol Name Ionization
Page 180 and 181:
Collier County CHEMISTRY EXAM FORMU
Page 182 and 183:
CHEMISTRY EXAM FORMULA AND RESOURCE
show all

Final NB 2016-2017 Turley

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?