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The Evolution of User Interfaces 291<br />

Figure 10-2:<br />

Early user<br />

interfaces<br />

were simple<br />

menus of<br />

keystroke<br />

combinations.<br />

Book II<br />

Chapter 10<br />

Figure 10-3:<br />

Pull-down<br />

menus help<br />

organize<br />

commands<br />

and tuck<br />

them out of<br />

sight until<br />

needed.<br />

Principles of User<br />

Interface Design<br />

The main advantages of pull-down menus are that they hide program commands<br />

until you need them, and you could choose a command from a pulldown<br />

menu by clicking it with the mouse as opposed to typing a cryptic<br />

keystroke command.<br />

Eventually, more programs started using pull-down menus. To make using<br />

different programs even easier, programs started organizing their commands<br />

under identical pull-down menu categories.<br />

For example, the File menu typically lists commands that manipulate your<br />

data, such as Save, Open, or Print a file. The Edit menu typically lists commands<br />

<strong>for</strong> changing your data, such as Cut, Copy, and Paste. By offering<br />

standard pull-down menus, users could figure out one program and then<br />

quickly adapt to using another program.

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