programming-for-dummies

694
Beginning Programming All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies
uninformed searching
algorithms. See bruteforce
searching
algorithms
Universal Binary files
(Mac), 21
UNIX, 18. See also Linux
unordered trees, 381
UNTIL loops (Ruby), 516
untyped files
overview, 268
proprietary formats, 271
reading, 269–271
uses for, 276
writing, 268–269
uppercase. See
capitalization
Use Case diagrams (CASE),
117, 118
user interface
advantages for users, 38,
292–293
basic functions of, 293
buttons, 294
challenges for
programmers, 39
check boxes, 297–298
combo boxes, 298–299
command-line, 290
creating, 139–140
customizing, 40–42
defined, 39
design tips for, 302–307
designers with IDEs, 96
designing visually, 39–40,
41, 42
dialog boxes, 300–301
displaying commands to
users, 293–296
displaying information to
users, 300–301
before event-driven
programming, 39
event-driven programming
for, 38–43
evolution of, 290–293
of expert systems, 646
getting data from users,
296–299
JavaScript for designing,
494–496
libraries of subprograms
for, 139, 293
list boxes, 298
menus, 290–291, 294, 295
organizing, 301–302
overview, 138–139
purpose of, 289
RAD tools for, 139, 140,
293
radio buttons, 297
sliders, 299
tabs, 302
text boxes, 296–297
toolbars, 294–295
toolboxes, 295–296
transparent to user, 293
writing event handlers,
42–43
writing from scratch, 293
user manuals, 286
user-defined data types,
265, 312
utilities. See tools
V
variable bit rate (VBR), 444
variables. See also data
types; declaring
variables
assigning value of one to
another, 152
assigning values to,
150–151, 162
data overwritten by new
values, 151
defined, 142, 152
enumerated (C/C++),
536–537
global, 154–155
initializing before looping,
207, 209
limitations, 311
loop variable, 201–206
modifying a variable by
itself, 152
module, 156–157
passing data among
subprograms, 158–159
retrieving data from,
151–152
scope, 154–159
in subprograms, 157–159
watching with debugger,
100–101
variant data type, 326, 595
VB. See Visual Basic
VBA (Visual Basic for
Applications), 75
VBR (variable bit rate), 444
version control programs,
121–122
video games, 645
video tutorials, 286
VIM editor, 95
virtual machines (VMs)
compiling to, 93–94
for cross-platform
programming, 662–663
Java, 66
for p-code, 23
speed issues, 94
viruses, 634
Visual Basic. See also BASIC
(Beginner’s All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction
Code)
branching statements,
597–599
class files, 591
collections in, 346–351
comments, 592
constants, 595–596
creating functions and
subprograms, 601–602
data structures, 603–604
database programming
features, 80
declaring variables, 147,
592–595