GUNS, GERMS AND STEEL - Cloverport Independent Schools

BLUEPRINTS AND BORROWED LETTERS • 219
Figure 12.1. The question marks next to China and Egypt denote some
doubt whether early writing in those areas arose completely independently
or was stimulated by writing systems that arose elsewhere earlier.
"Other" refers to scripts that were neither alphabets nor syllabaries and
that probably arose under the influence of earlier scripts.
virtually all writing systems: how to devise agreed-on visible marks that
represent actual spoken sounds, rather than only ideas or else words independent
of their pronunciation. Early stages in the development of the
solution have been detected especially in thousands of clay tablets excavated
from the ruins of the former Sumerian city of Uruk, on the Euphrates