GUNS, GERMS AND STEEL - Cloverport Independent Schools

FURTHER READINGS • 431
distinguished studies of the European overseas expansion with emphasis
on its accompanying plants, animals, and germs: The Columbian
Exchange: Biological Consequences of 1492 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood,
1972) and Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of
Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986). Marvin
Harris, Cannibals and Kings: The Origins of Cultures (New York: Vintage
Books, 1978), and Marshall Sahlins and Elman Service, eds.,
Evolution and Culture (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1960),
are comparative histories from the perspective of cultural anthropologists.
Ellen Semple, Influences of Geographic Environment (New York: Holt,
1911), is an example of earlier efforts to study geographic influences on
human societies. Other important historical studies are listed under further
readings for the Epilogue. My book The Third Chimpanzee (New York:
HarperCollins, 1992), especially its chapter 14, on the comparative histories
of Eurasia and the Americas, provided the starting point for my thinking
about the present book.
The best-known or most notorious recent entrant into the debate about
group differences in intelligence is Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray,
The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life
(New York: Free Press, 1994).
Chapter 1
Excellent books about early human evolution include Richard Klein,
The Human Career (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989), Roger
Lewin, Bones of Contention (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989), Paul
Mellars and Chris Stringer, eds., The Human Revolution: Behavioural and
Biological Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Humans (Edinburgh:
Edinburgh University Press, 1989), Richard Leakey and Roger Lewin, Origins
Reconsidered (New York: Doubleday, 1992), D. Tab Rasmussen, ed.,
The Origin and Evolution of Humans and Humanness (Boston: Jones and
Bartlett, 1993), Matthew Nitecki and Doris Nitecki, eds., Origins of Anatomically
Modern Humans (New York: Plenum, 1994), and Chris Stringer
and Robin McKie, African Exodus (London: Jonathan Cape, 1996). Three
popular books dealing specifically with the Neanderthals are Christopher
Stringer and Clive Gamble, In Search of the Neanderthals (New York: