GUNS, GERMS AND STEEL - Cloverport Independent Schools

FURTHER READINGS • 4 5 5
Food in Sub-Saharan Africa (Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986); Fred Wendorf
et al., "Saharan exploitation of plants 8,000 years B.R," Nature
359:721-24 (1992); Andrew Smith, Pastoralism in Africa (London: Hurst,
1992); and Andrew Smith, "Origin and spread of pastoralism in Africa,"
Annual Reviews of Anthropology 21:125-41 (1992).
For information about Madagascar, two starting points are Robert
Dewar and Henry Wright, "The culture history of Madagascar," Journal
of World Prehistory 7:417-66 (1993), and Pierre Verin, The History of
Civilization in North Madagascar (Rotterdam: Balkema, 1986). A detailed
study of the linguistic evidence about the source for the colonization of
Madagascar is Otto Dahl, Migration from Kalimantan to Madagascar
(Oslo: Norwegian University Press, 1991). Possible musical evidence for
Indonesian contact with East Africa is described by A. M. Jones, Africa
and Indonesia: The Evidence of the Xylophone and Other Musical and
Cultural Factors (Leiden: Brill, 1971). Important evidence about the early
settlement of Madagascar comes from dated bones of now extinct animals
as summarized by Robert Dewar, "Extinctions in Madagascar: The loss of
the subfossil fauna," pp. 574-93 in Paul Martin and Richard Klein, eds.,
Quaternary Extinctions (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1984). A
tantalizing subsequent fossil discovery is reported by R. D. E. MacPhee
and David Burney, "Dating of modified femora of extinct dwarf Hippopotamus
from Southern Madagascar," Journal of Archaeological Science
18:695-706 (1991). The onset of human colonization is assessed from
paleobotanical evidence by David Burney, "Late Holocene vegetational
change in Central Madagascar," Quaternary Research 28:130-43 (1987).
Epilogue
Links between environmental degradation and the decline of civilization
in Greece are explored by Tjeerd van Andel et al., "Five thousand
years of land use and abuse in the southern Argolid," Hesperia 55:103-28
(1986), Tjeerd van Andel and Curtis Runnels, Beyond the Acropolis: A
Rural Greek Past (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987), and Curtis
Runnels, "Environmental degradation in ancient Greece," Scientific American
272(3):72-75 (1995). Patricia Fall et al., "Fossil hyrax middens from
the Middle East: A record of paleovegetation and human disturbance,"
pp. 408-27 in Julio Betancourt et al., eds., Packrat Middens (Tucson: Uni-