English for Business Life Elementary

Already is used to say that things have happened,
e.g. Mr Smith has already left.
I've already phoned for a taxi.
Compare:
How expensive!
How generous!
What an expensive shop!
What a generous man!
18.5 since, for and ago
Since is used with a point in time and for is used with a
period of time.
Compare:
I've been in this office since June.
I've been in this office for six months.
I haven't been to Estonia since 1991.
I haven't been to Estonia for three years.
Ago stands at the end of a time phrase. It is NEVER used with
the Present Perfect tense.
e.g. I left college ten years ago.
(not I have left college ten years ago.)
Stefan joined us three weeks ago.
(not Stefan has joined us three weeks ago.)
18.6 for and until/till
For is used with a length of time and untill till with a point in
time. Till means exactly the same as until.
e.g. I'll be away for five days.
I'll be away until/till Friday.
18.7 Why? and because
Why is used to ask for a reason. Because is used to give
a reason.
e.g. Can we change the time of the meeting?
Why? (What's the problem?)
Because the conference room is booked.
(That is the reason.)
18.8 toanGfinorderto
To is often used to talk about why someone does something.
In order to has the same meaning, but is more formal and/or
emphatic.
Compare:
I'm sending a fax to reach them today.
I'm sending a fax in order to reach them today.
I went to Paris to see the new factory.
I'm going to Paris in order to see the new factory.
18.9 How and What (a)
We use how before adjectives without nouns. We use what (a)
before adjectives with nouns.
18.10 so and such (a)
We use so before adjectives without nouns.
We use such {a) before adjectives with nouns.
Compare:
It's so expensive! It's such an expensive shop!
He's so generous! He's such a generous man!
18.11 so and too
So and too are used to express agreement with an affirmative
statement. Their position is different,
e.g. I work in an office. So do I.
or I do too.
I have a cold. So do I.
or I have one too.
18.12 either, neither and nor
Either, neither and nor are used to express agreement with a
negative statement. The position of either is different from the
position of neither and nor.
Compare:
I'm not well.
with:
I've never been to Mexico City.
Neither am I.
or Nor am I.
or I'm not either.
Neither have I.
or Nor have I.
or I haven't either.
18.13 instead and instead of
Instead is used at the end of a sentence. Instead of is followed
by a noun.
Compare:
I'm booked on the three o'clock flight. I'd like to travel on the
four o'clock flight instead.
I'd like to travel on the four o'clock flight instead of the
three o'clock one.
18.14 one/ones and other/others
One I ones and other I others can be used as substitutes for words
already mentioned,
e.g. (This plate is dirty.)
Here's a clean one.
(Did you eat all the sandwiches?)
No, I left the cheese ones.
Reference section 111