19.03.2020 Views

XVII - Master Paintings - Jean Luc Baroni and Marty de Cambiaire

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

Giovanni Antonio Burrini<br />

Bologna 1656 – 1727<br />

9<br />

Head of a Young Boy<br />

Oil on woo<strong>de</strong>n panel, octagonal, in its original frame<br />

45.3 x 38.7 cm (17 13 /16 x 15 1 /4 in.)<br />

Burrini’s vigorous <strong>and</strong> impetuous technique, quite<br />

exceptional for the late-17 th -century Bologna which<br />

was rather inspired by Guido Reni’s classicism, did<br />

not go unnoticed by his first biographers such as<br />

Giampietro Zanotti who <strong>de</strong>scribed him as a ‘man of<br />

timid nature who seems as audacious <strong>and</strong> as full of<br />

vivacity <strong>and</strong> promptness in his work, as pusillanimous in<br />

everything else’. 1 Coming from a mo<strong>de</strong>st background,<br />

Burrini was said to have long been rather reserved <strong>and</strong><br />

easily intimidated. This character trait however did not<br />

prevent him from pursuing a successful career as one<br />

of the most important <strong>de</strong>corators in Northern Italy.<br />

Burrini trained un<strong>de</strong>r Domenico Maria Canuti, <strong>and</strong> his<br />

talent was quickly noticed by a Bolognese gentleman,<br />

Giulio Cesare Venenti, who became his patron. After<br />

his master’s <strong>de</strong>parture for Rome in 1672, Burrini spent<br />

a short time in the studio of Lorenzo Pasinelli then<br />

became one of the collaborators of Domenico Maria<br />

Crespi. Zanotti mentions a journey to Venice, financed<br />

by Venenti, early in the artist’s career, that is, during<br />

his training with Canuti. Other art historians date it<br />

later, to the 1680s. In any case, this journey, during<br />

which he copied <strong>and</strong> drew inspiration in the works<br />

of Veronese <strong>and</strong> Tintoretto, reinforced his colourist<br />

<strong>and</strong> neo-baroque ten<strong>de</strong>ncy <strong>and</strong> freedom of touch.<br />

Zanotti mentions an Adoration of the Magi marked<br />

by the strong influence of Veronese, which Burrini<br />

painted for Monsignore Ratta upon his return from<br />

Venice. Ratta allegedly took it to Rome where Carlo<br />

Maratta admired it greatly <strong>and</strong> presumably said that<br />

‘he would have never thought that there could be such<br />

an admirable painter in Bologna’.<br />

Burrini’s fame was growing steadily in his hometown,<br />

<strong>and</strong> he received more <strong>and</strong> more important <strong>de</strong>corative<br />

commissions, sometimes in collaboration with eminent<br />

quadraturists, such as Enrico Hafner, Domenico Santi,<br />

<strong>and</strong> Marcantonio Chiarini. He worked in Mo<strong>de</strong>na,<br />

Novellara, Turin, <strong>and</strong> his native town <strong>and</strong> produced<br />

<strong>de</strong>corations so skilful that Zanotti went as far as saying<br />

‘in this particular area, we could say that Burrini was<br />

our Cortone or our Giordano’. 2 Unfortunately, most of<br />

them have now been lost. In 1709, Burrini was one of<br />

the founding members of the Acca<strong>de</strong>mia Clementina,<br />

of which he was appointed Principe in 1724.<br />

This superb Head of a Young Boy can be compared<br />

with a series of the artist’s works whose genre oscillates<br />

between portraits <strong>and</strong> character heads. Executed in his<br />

La vigueur et l’impétuosité <strong>de</strong> la facture <strong>de</strong> Burrini,<br />

exceptionnelles pour le contexte bolonais <strong>de</strong> la fin du<br />

xvii e siècle, plutôt marqué par le classicisme hérité <strong>de</strong><br />

Guido Reni, ne passa pas inaperçu auprès <strong>de</strong>s premiers<br />

biographes <strong>de</strong> l’artiste, à l’instar <strong>de</strong> Giampietro<br />

Zanotti qui le décrit comme un « homme <strong>de</strong> nature<br />

timi<strong>de</strong> qui paraît aussi audacieux, plein <strong>de</strong> vivacité et<br />

<strong>de</strong> promptitu<strong>de</strong> dans ses œuvres que pusillanime et<br />

insignifiant pour le reste 1 ». Issu d’un milieu mo<strong>de</strong>ste,<br />

Burrini passe pour avoir longtemps été assez réservé et<br />

facilement intimidé. Ce trait <strong>de</strong> caractère ne l’empêcha<br />

pas <strong>de</strong> mener une carrière qui allait faire <strong>de</strong> lui l’un<br />

<strong>de</strong>s décorateurs les plus importants <strong>de</strong> l’Italie du Nord.<br />

Élève <strong>de</strong> Domenico Maria Canuti, il fut très tôt remarqué<br />

et soutenu par un gentilhomme bolonais amateur <strong>de</strong><br />

peinture, Giulio Cesare Venenti. Après le départ <strong>de</strong> son<br />

maître pour Rome en 1672, Burrini passa dans l’atelier<br />

<strong>de</strong> Lorenzo Pasinelli, puis <strong>de</strong>vint l’un <strong>de</strong>s collaborateurs<br />

<strong>de</strong> Domenico Maria Crespi. Zanotti évoque un voyage<br />

à Venise financé par Venenti, tôt dans la carrière du<br />

peintre, c’est-à-dire pendant sa formation chez Canuti.<br />

D’autres historiens <strong>de</strong> l’art le place plus tard, au cours<br />

<strong>de</strong>s années 1680. Quoi qu’il en soit, ce voyage durant<br />

lequel il copie et s’inspire librement d’œuvres <strong>de</strong><br />

Véronèse et <strong>de</strong> Tintoret, renforce sa tendance coloriste<br />

et néo-baroque ainsi que la liberté <strong>de</strong> sa touche.<br />

Zanotti mentionne une Adoration <strong>de</strong>s Mages, encore<br />

pleine <strong>de</strong> l’influence <strong>de</strong> Véronèse, peinte après ce<br />

voyage pour monseigneur Ratta. À Rome où celui-ci<br />

l’aurait emportée, Carlo Maratta se serait exclamé en<br />

voyant l’œuvre que « jamais il n’aurait pensé qu’il fût à<br />

Bologne un peintre si admirable ».<br />

La célébrité <strong>de</strong> Burrini s’accrût progressivement dans sa<br />

ville natale et il fut chargé <strong>de</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>es décoratives<br />

toujours plus importantes, parfois en collaboration<br />

avec les gr<strong>and</strong>s quadraturistes tels que Enrico Hafner,<br />

Domenico Santi, Marcantonio Chiarini. Il travailla<br />

à Modène, à Novellara, à Turin et produisit dans sa<br />

ville natale <strong>de</strong>s décors si habiles qu’ils firent dire à<br />

Zanotti que « dans ce genre <strong>de</strong> choses en particulier<br />

on pourrait dire que Burrini fut notre Cortona ou<br />

notre Giordano 2 ». La plupart ont malheureusement<br />

été détruits. Burrini fit partie <strong>de</strong>s membres fondateurs<br />

<strong>de</strong> l’Acca<strong>de</strong>mia Clementina en 1709, pour laquelle il<br />

s’investit beaucoup, et fut nommé principe en 1724.<br />

Cette superbe étu<strong>de</strong> peut être comparée avec une série<br />

d’œuvres <strong>de</strong> l’artiste, dont la nature oscille entre portraits<br />

46

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!