The Gateway Chronicle 2020

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14 at fault for losing the First World War, Hitler believed that their race was inferior that of the Aryan. To accept the principles of Nazism, the German citizens had to truly believe that they were the Herrenvolk (master race). This meant Hitler put in place restrictions on German Jews to reinforce this idea. By banning them from owning businesses, he reinforced the idea that Jews profited from the failure of others. By implementing this ban, he was able to convince and assure faithful Nazi supporters of the Jew’s evil nature. He stopped Jews becoming German citizens, lawyers, doctors or journalists. He also barred them from schools and social and sports clubs, stopped mixed racial marriages and relationships. In addition, Jewish shops and people were marked with a Star of David. These policies led to ordinary German civilians having less everyday contact with Jews, cementing the ideologies of Nazism. These policies were, albeit in a less extreme manner, mirrored regarding other minority groups like Communists, African Americans, homosexuals, and gypsies. In particular, the campaign against Communism made it easier for Germans to embrace Nazism. Great emphasis was placed on the education of the young with the Hitler Youth and German League of Maidens being created. They were vital to ensure Hitler achieved a ‘1000-year Reich’ because, not only did they teach children arms drills, they further exaggerated a common enemy. Hitler focused on the younger generations as he knew that by isolating them from their parents, through love for the Nazis, would mean their primary loyalty would be to Hitler and not them. This led to children reporting their parents and made it easier for the Nazis to silence enemies of the state who complained within the confines of their own homes. By e ffectively brainwashing the next generation, Nazism was further forced upon the German society. A propaganda poster for the Hitler Youth In their own ways, each of the methods employed by the Nazis were able to alter the opinions of the German masses. While the fear and propaganda techniques preyed previously existing prejudice, social controls ensured compliance and alienation of anyone who didn’t fit the Nazi model. Hitler made the choice to the people black and white: you were either with the Nazis or against them. With the threat of the SS looming over them, the German citizens had very little choice but to accept the Nazi regime and with it their ideology. Arthur, 5.3
Political Ideologies 15 How was Nazi ideology reflected in their architecture? A fter coming to power in 1933, Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party began a radical transformation of German culture, including architecture. Indeed, architecture played a large role in Hitler’s regime, with his chief architect Albert Speer becoming one of the most important men in the Nazi government by the 1940s. The designs formulated by the Nazis very much reflected their political agenda. Firstly, Nazi architecture reflected the authoritarian and populist nature of their rule and their ideology. Hitler himself was renowned for his populist tactics, including large public addresses which sought to enthuse his followers and whip up support. As a result, his architecture often accommodated such methods of outreach. For example, a 30 square kilometre area near Nuremburg was supposed to be developed in order to host up to 500,000 guests for Nazi rallies, demonstrating how the populist elements of Nazi ideology were mirrored in their architecture. Likewise, plans for a new city called ‘Germania’ to replace Berlin included buildings such as the ‘Volkshalle’, or People’s Hall, further demonstrating the populist nature of Nazi ideology, and echoing their desire to build a utopian society with similarly named policies such as the ‘Volksgemeinschaft’. Nazi architecture also reflected the more sinister, authoritarian elements of their regime. Indeed, many of the planned buildings were designed in such a way that they highlighted the domineering nature of their rule. The aforementioned Volkshalle was planned to have a 300-metre-high dome in the style of Hitler’s favoured neo-classicism. Hitler even stated that ‘our enemies and followers must realise that these buildings strengthen our authority’, perhaps because the sheer size of his buildings would have dwarfed the individual and acted as a visible metaphor for extreme state power. Likewise, architecture was used by the Nazis as a means by which to demonstrate their supposed supremacy over rivals and those who they viewed as ‘inferior’. Supremacy played a large role Nazi propaganda – they sought to build the image of the supposedly superior Aryan race. They truly believed that the Aryans were a ‘master race’ who prevailed over all others, especially over the perceived ‘inferior races’ such as the Slavs and the Jews. Indeed, there is much evidence of their bid for Germanic superiority in their architecture. Firstly, only German materials were used in many of their most important architectural projects. The proposed ‘Volkshalle’ of Berlin
Page 1 and 2: CHRONICLE Thinking History THE GATE
Page 3 and 4: Contents A word from the editors…
Page 6 and 7: 4 Political Ideologies Mare Nostrum
Page 8 and 9: 6 Fascist Party’ was able to win
Page 10 and 11: 8 Political Ideologies Lebensraum:
Page 12 and 13: 10 isolation. Firstly, the Holocaus
Page 14 and 15: 12 Political Ideologies How was Hit
Page 18 and 19: 16 For instance, for the 1937 Paris
Page 20 and 21: 18 With that said, how did it actua
Page 22: 20 Zionists both in Palestine and t
Page 25 and 26: 23 Wars of the Roses had significan
Page 27 and 28: Individuals 25 Marlene Dietrich: Re
Page 29 and 30: 27 became problematic when she retu
Page 31 and 32: 29 theatre director Vsevolod Meyerh
Page 34 and 35: 32 Religion Establishing and develo
Page 36 and 37: 34 which is often the way popular r
Page 38 and 39: 36 to a period of sustained chaos,
Page 40 and 41: 38 individuals, who believe that di
Page 42 and 43: 40 This said, it took until AD597 f
Page 44 and 45: 42 This brings us to the 6 th of Ja
Page 46 and 47: 44 - including explanations on cont
Page 48 and 49: 46 In Islam, waqf is a donation of
Page 50 and 51: 48 The Putney Debates “Agreement
Page 52 and 53: 50 Religion The origins of laïcit
Page 54 and 55: 52 Clergy, which redrew regional cl
Page 56: 54 be forced to acknowledge the imp
Page 59 and 60: 57 Democracy itself was created in
Page 61 and 62: 59 evident in 1787 and continues to
Page 63 and 64: 61 battle’, which resulted in Hen
Page 65 and 66: 63 Henry V certainly drew authority
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65 his initial promises, Czechoslov
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68 Abacuses were something of a new
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70 However, he seems to be more of
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72 Mathematics and Economics How la
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74 Mathematics and Economics Corona
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