The Gateway Chronicle 2020

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24 Individuals Gauchito Gil: The Cowboy Saint of Argentina G auchito Gil is an unofficial Catholic Saint from Corrientes, Argentina. Gauchito translates into ‘little gaucho’ in English. The gaucho was known to stand for the poor and good luck and is therefore endorsed by countrymen and the working class. He is both factual and mythical with a variety of stories emerging from his life. The Gaucho, Antonio Mamerto Gil Núñez, was born in 1847 and, due to Corrientes bordering Paraguay, joined the military to fight in the Paraguayan War and escape a false allegation of robbery. This war was fought from 1864-1870 between the Triple Alliance (Uruguay, Argentina and the Empire of Brazil) and Paraguay. It is known today as the bloodiest war in Latin American history, resulting in the death of 90% of Paraguay’s male population. After the Paraguayan War, a political vacuum emerged in Argentina. Civil war followed and Gil was conscripted to fight for the Federales against the Liberales. Sick of bloodshed, Gil deserted the war and went on the run. From this point onward Gil became a Robin Hood-like cowboy, stealing from the rich and giving to the poor in exchange for shelter from the authorities. It was at this same point he began to become a folk tale too. Some reported him as invincible spirit immune to gunfire, others told of him to have magical healing powers. Many claimed to have witnessed him in action, but one true story is renown. On the 8th January 1878, Gauchito Gil was captured, imprisoned and sentenced to death. Whilst being transported to Gayo to be executed, the policeman escorting him could not be bothered to make the long journey and decided to execute him under a phony ‘attempted escape’ charge. He strung Gil up on an algarrobo tree by the feet and went to slit his throat. Before the policeman did so, Gaucho said that the policeman’s son was A mural with a traditional sick, and he should go home depiction of Gauchito Gil in and tend to him. He then further added that if he killed a suburb of Rosario him, the only way to heal his son would be to bury his body properly and pray to Gil. The policeman laughed in his face and executed him. However, to the policeman’s dismay, when he returned home, he found his son sick and therefore carried out the actions Gil told him to do. His son miraculously healed the next day. Whether this was a coincidence or a correlation, no one really knows. However, Gil’s life has promoted peace in a bloodstained continent. Today, 150,000 people gather on the 8 th January each year to celebrate their saint at Mercedes (his death place). Countrymen, Gauchos and farmers can be seen wearing crimson ponchos or stringing up red cloth on the roadside as a symbol of his bloody death in order to bring good luck. Red shrines may also be seen with the message “Gracias a Gauchito Gil” if a prayer to him has been fulfilled. Ben, L6JRW
Individuals 25 Marlene Dietrich: Re-defining modern German culture and sexual liberalism in the 20 th century G erman culture has undergone significant shifts and developments throughout the years, with the most noteworthy periods of change being the liberal Weimar Germany during the inter-war years and also the decades that came after the Second World War. The theatre, cinema, cabaret and fashion were the four areas that underwent the largest change in Germany. Indeed, all of these areas were underpinned by lurking notions of sexual liberalism which were only popularised thanks to one woman, Marlene Dietrich. Not only did Dietrich become Germany’s most famous cabaret star and actress but, as an openly bisexual women at a time before the idea of an LGBT community even existed, she set herself against traditional values through her performances and her fashion not only to taunt those values, but also to tempt the world into an age consisting of political, social and sexual freedoms. In the theatre in the post-Second World War period, new acting techniques and different styles of performance began to occur, such as street performances, which allowed the public to be more involved in theatre. Performances in general often reflected politics and society, making the theatre attractive to the public by bringing both comedy and drama to the public political sphere. Theatre acted as a mirror held up to the audience to demonstrate how their society and their politics were conveyed. For example, bourgeois society was heavily critiqued with very blunt acting methods such as actors appearing on stage sitting on the toilet. Alongside this, cabaret developed as a more risqué form of entertainment but, indeed, it is this sort of debauchery that made it such an enticing spectacle. For example, naked dancing and nightclubs became very popular and, by the end of the 1930s, Berlin rivalled Paris as the cultural capital of Europe with over 40 theatres and many nightclubs. Indeed, the most famous actress appearing in such nightclubs and on such cinema screens was Marlene Dietrich. Not only was she a cultural icon of Weimar Germany, but she Dietrich in ‘The Blue Angel’ also transcended German borders and was a star in Hollywood too, where she became most famous. Marlene can be admired not only for seeking to challenge gender norms through her provocative costumes, but also for being publicly bisexual and for her work during the Second World War against the Nazi regime. Therefore, Marlene Dietrich must be considered a cultural and global icon of the 20 th Century as her impact on popular culture can still be seen today. During the 1920s, Marlene Dietrich worked on the stage and in film in both Berlin and Vienna playing roles in plays such as Shakespeare’s Taming of the Shrew and in films such as Tragedy of Love (1923) where she met her future husband. However, it is her performances in musicals such as Broadway that attracted most
Page 1 and 2: CHRONICLE Thinking History THE GATE
Page 3 and 4: Contents A word from the editors…
Page 6 and 7: 4 Political Ideologies Mare Nostrum
Page 8 and 9: 6 Fascist Party’ was able to win
Page 10 and 11: 8 Political Ideologies Lebensraum:
Page 12 and 13: 10 isolation. Firstly, the Holocaus
Page 14 and 15: 12 Political Ideologies How was Hit
Page 16 and 17: 14 at fault for losing the First Wo
Page 18 and 19: 16 For instance, for the 1937 Paris
Page 20 and 21: 18 With that said, how did it actua
Page 22: 20 Zionists both in Palestine and t
Page 25: 23 Wars of the Roses had significan
Page 29 and 30: 27 became problematic when she retu
Page 31 and 32: 29 theatre director Vsevolod Meyerh
Page 34 and 35: 32 Religion Establishing and develo
Page 36 and 37: 34 which is often the way popular r
Page 38 and 39: 36 to a period of sustained chaos,
Page 40 and 41: 38 individuals, who believe that di
Page 42 and 43: 40 This said, it took until AD597 f
Page 44 and 45: 42 This brings us to the 6 th of Ja
Page 46 and 47: 44 - including explanations on cont
Page 48 and 49: 46 In Islam, waqf is a donation of
Page 50 and 51: 48 The Putney Debates “Agreement
Page 52 and 53: 50 Religion The origins of laïcit
Page 54 and 55: 52 Clergy, which redrew regional cl
Page 56: 54 be forced to acknowledge the imp
Page 59 and 60: 57 Democracy itself was created in
Page 61 and 62: 59 evident in 1787 and continues to
Page 63 and 64: 61 battle’, which resulted in Hen
Page 65 and 66: 63 Henry V certainly drew authority
Page 67: 65 his initial promises, Czechoslov
Page 70 and 71: 68 Abacuses were something of a new
Page 72 and 73: 70 However, he seems to be more of
Page 74 and 75: 72 Mathematics and Economics How la
Page 76 and 77:
74 Mathematics and Economics Corona
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76 nevertheless been considered mas
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