Creswell_Research_Design_ Qualitative Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches 2018 5th Ed

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The Ethnographic Research DesignThis study will utilize the ethnographic research tradition. This design emerged from the field of anthropology, primarily from thecontributions of Bronislaw Malinowski, Robert Park and Franz Boas (Jacob, 1987; Kirk & Miller, 1986). The intent of ethnographicresearch is to obtain a holistic picture of the subject of study with emphasis on portraying the everyday experiences of individuals byobserving and interviewing them and relevant others (Fraenkel & Wallen, 1990). The ethnographic study includes in-depth interviewingand continual and ongoing participant observation of a situation (Jacob, 1987) and in attempting to capture the whole picture reveals howpeople describe and structure their world (Fraenkel & Wallen, 1990). [The author used the ethnographic approach.]280
The Researcher’s RoleParticularly in qualitative research, the role of the researcher as the primary data collection instrument necessitates the identification ofpersonal values, assumptions and biases at the outset of the study. The investigator’s contribution to the research setting can be useful andpositive rather than detrimental (Locke et al., 1987). My perceptions of higher education and the college presidency have been shaped bymy personal experiences. From August 1980 to May 1990 I served as a college administrator on private campuses of 600 to 5,000students. Most recently (1987–1990), I served as the Dean for Student Life at a small college in the Midwest. As a member of thePresident’s cabinet, I was involved with all top level administrative cabinet activities and decisions and worked closely with the faculty,cabinet officers, president and board of trustees. In addition to reporting to the president, I worked with him through his first year inoffice. I believe this understanding of the context and role enhances my awareness, knowledge and sensitivity to many of the challenges,decisions and issues encountered as a first year president and will assist me in working with the informant in this study. I bring knowledgeof both the structure of higher education and of the role of the college presidency. Particular attention will be paid to the role of the newpresident in initiating change, relationship building, decision making, and providing leadership and vision.Due to previous experiences working closely with a new college president, I bring certain biases to this study. Although every effort willbe made to ensure objectivity, these biases may shape the way I view and understand the data I collect and the way I interpret myexperiences. I commence this study with the perspective that the college presidency is a diverse and often difficult position. Thoughexpectations are immense, I question how much power the president has to initiate change and provide leadership and vision. I view thefirst year as critical; filled with adjustments, frustrations, unanticipated surprises and challenges. [Author reflected on her role in the study.]281
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Research DesignFifth Edition2
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Research DesignQualitative, Quantit
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Identifiers: LCCN 2017044644 | ISBN
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Detailed Contents1. Analytic Conten
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2. Format for a Qualitative Proposa
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1. The Survey Design2. The Populati
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Analytic Contents of Research Techn
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Chapter 2. Review of the Literature
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Chapter 4. Writing Strategies and E
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Chapter 6. The Purpose StatementUsi
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Chapter 8. Quantitative MethodsUsin
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Chapter 10. Mixed Methods Procedure
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PurposeThis book advances a framewo
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FormatIn each chapter, we share exa
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Outline of ChaptersThis book is div
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illustrations provide examples from
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AcknowledgmentsThis book could not
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Chapter 1 The Selection of a Resear
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by either the quantitative or quali
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Philosophical WorldviewsAlthough ph
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Reality and Lincoln and Guba’s (1
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Rorty (1990). There are many forms
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population by studying a sample of
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Convergent mixed methods is a form
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Research Approaches as Worldviews,
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Criteria for Selecting a Research A
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Personal ExperiencesResearchers’
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Writing Exercises1. Identify a rese
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Chapter 2 Review of the LiteratureB
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Actively elevating this topic to a
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The Literature ReviewOnce the resea
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has led to the need for the study,
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Design TechniquesRegardless of the
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On the Internet you can also go to
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and be cautious about whether they
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Briefly state information about the
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The Publication Manual of the Ameri
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few terms at the beginning though t
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Kinship Relationship to the Grandch
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Individual ReflectionSchon (1983) d
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A Quantitative or Mixed Methods Lit
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Writing Exercises1. Develop a liter
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Chapter 3 The Use of TheoryOne comp
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Testing Causal Claims in Quantitati
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Other types of variables provide a
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explains how people engage in ritua
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positive or negative valences that
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Placement of Quantitative TheoriesI
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promises (interpersonal trust), (c)
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Variation in Theory Use in Qualitat
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Our research tips on theory use in
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Mixed Methods Theory UseTheory use
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Rosenbaum’s experiments relating
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How this framework is integrated in
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Identifying the Research DesignDoes
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Identifying or Constructing Data Co
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informal social participation and c
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Gary Thomas presents a reasoned cri
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Writing the Proposal126
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Format for a Qualitative ProposalBe
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Format for a Quantitative ProposalF
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This format shows that the research
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Writing IdeasOver the years, John h
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The Habit of WritingEstablish the d
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Readability of the ManuscriptBefore
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Voice, Tense, and “Fat”From wor
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Ethical Issues to AnticipateIn addi
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Sources: Adapted from APA (2010); C
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Guarantee of confidentiality to the
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Collecting the DataRespect the site
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Analyzing the DataAvoid going nativ
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Keep raw data and other materials (
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comprehensive review of many topics
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Chapter 5 The IntroductionAfter hav
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An Abstract for a StudyAn abstract
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Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixe
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A Model for an IntroductionThese di
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and purposeful programmatic efforts
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needs to be addressed. When designi
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studies in the integrated review in
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implications, and so forth.Discuss
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deficiencies in the past literature
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Significance and Meaning of a Purpo
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responses asked of participants and
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(participants) at a large universit
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Make reference to the participants
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A Mixed Methods Purpose StatementMi
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Although these examples may not inc
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Writing Exercises1. Using the scrip
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Qualitative Research QuestionsIn a
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experiences of family, schooling, a
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variables (this would be a descript
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Descriptive Questions1. How do the
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Mixed Methods Research Questions an
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the beginning of each phase of her
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Chapter 8 Quantitative MethodsWe tu
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Components of a Survey Study Method
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The Population and SampleIn the met
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Statistical test: Correlation: Biva
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.84-.86 in three studies (Cohen, Ka
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Data AnalysisIn the proposal, prese
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Interpreting Results and Writing a
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MethodologyThe site of this study w
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ParticipantsReaders need to know ab
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Allocation ratio N2/N1: 1With these
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Instrumentation and MaterialsJust l
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Page 240 and 241: Solomon Four-Group DesignA special
Page 242 and 243: Threats to ValidityThere are severa
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Page 248 and 249: Interpreting Results and Writing a
Page 250 and 251: ParticipantsA convenience sample of
Page 252 and 253: Writing Exercises1. Design a plan f
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Page 262 and 263: Data Collection ProceduresComments
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Page 266 and 267: Data Recording ProceduresBefore ent
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Page 278 and 279: The Qualitative Research ParadigmTh
Page 282 and 283: Bounding the Study282
Page 284 and 285: ActorsThe informant in this study i
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Page 290 and 291: VerificationIn ensuring internal va
Page 292 and 293: Writing Exercises1. Write a plan fo
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Page 298 and 299: procedures. It also can be an ideal
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Page 306 and 307: Exploratory Sequential Mixed Method
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Page 316 and 317: As is evident in our discussion, we
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Institutional review board (IRB)is
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Moderating variablesare variables i
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Qualitative validitymeans that the
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is a theory framework that research
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ReferencesAikin, M. C. (Ed.). (1992
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Campbell, D., & Stanley, J. (1963).
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Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (201
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Greene, J. C., & Caracelli, V. J. (
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Keppel, G. (1991). Design and analy
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Mertens, D. M. (2003). Mixed method
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Research, Counseling Psychology, an
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Sudduth, A. G. (1992). Rural hospit
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Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study resea
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Brown, M. L., 66, 182Bryman, A., 21
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Garvan, C. W., 129, 220, 240Gibbs,
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Leslie, L. L., 157Levitt, H., 78Lev
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Poth, C. N., 13, 182, 186, 188-189
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Wallnau, L. B., 158Wang, E. A., 231
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written reports, 203See also Mixed
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ethical issues, 90 (table), 94-95et
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code of ethics, 91data analysis, 90
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end points, 63literature reviews, 2
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Line graphs, 173Literature maps, 30
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feminism, 71-72participatory-social
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sample size, 186themes, 193Philosop
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worldviewQualitative methodsabout,
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single versus teams, 239Research me
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Social workers’ exposure to viole
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Two-tailed alpha value, 152, 163Typ
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Table of ContentsHalf TitleAcknowle
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