Creswell_Research_Design_ Qualitative Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches 2018 5th Ed

Two-tailed alpha value, 152, 163
Type I error rate, 152
Type II error rate, 152
Typology study, 39
Umbrella thoughts, 83–84
Unusual codes, 193–194
U.S. National Library of Medicine, 31
Validity
construct validity, 153
convergent approach, 221
experiments and, 169–172, 170–171 (table), 172 (table)
explanatory sequential mixed methods and, 223
exploratory sequential mixed methods and, 226
qualitative research and, 199–201
quantitative research and, 153
Variables
in experiments, 164–165
in qualitative purpose statement, 122–126
in quantitative methods section, 50–52, 60–61, 155–156, 155 (table)
in research questions/hypotheses, 137–139
See also Instruments and materials; Validity; specific research approaches
Verb choices, 86
Visual causal models, 54–56, 55 (figure), 56 (figure), 57 (figure)
Visual data, 197–198
Visual summaries. See Literature maps
Voluntary participation, 93
Vulnerable populations, 91
Wave analysis, 157
Web sources, 34
Within-group design, 167
Women returning to graduate school study, 136
Writing strategies
about, 97
biased language, 96
386