A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
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Cushing’s syndrome 302<br />
cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)<br />
� 2-adrenoceptor agonists on 236–7<br />
lithium on 121<br />
Parkinson’s syndrome 124<br />
cyclizine 254, 405<br />
cyclo-oxygenases 157, 167<br />
inhibitors see COX-2 inhibitors, selective; nonsteroidal<br />
anti-inflammatory drugs<br />
platelets vs endothelium 202<br />
cyclopentolate 425<br />
cyclophosphamide 372–3<br />
aplastic anaemia 395<br />
cycloplegia 425<br />
cycloserine 338<br />
CYP2C9 polymorphism 80<br />
CYP2C19 polymorphism 80<br />
CYP2D6 gene 79, 80<br />
CYP450 enzymes see cytochrome P450 enzymes<br />
cyproheptadine, migraine prophylaxis 144<br />
cyproterone 314, 384, 411, 412<br />
cysteinuria, acetazolamide for 274<br />
cysteinyl leukotrienes 240<br />
cystic fibrosis<br />
drug disposition 34<br />
gene therapy 94–5<br />
cysticercosis, drugs for 365<br />
cytarabine 377<br />
cytochrome-haem P450 enzymes (fungal) 341<br />
cytochrome P450 enzymes 24–5, 26, 29<br />
antituberculous drugs <strong>and</strong> 339<br />
carbamazepine on 135<br />
ciclosporin <strong>and</strong> 402<br />
cimetidine on 250<br />
combined oral contraceptives <strong>and</strong> 310<br />
fluconazole on 342<br />
herbal remedies see under alternative medicines<br />
imatinib <strong>and</strong> 381<br />
induction 27–8<br />
inhibition 28, 76<br />
protease inhibitors <strong>and</strong> 356<br />
rifampicin on 337<br />
warfarin 208<br />
cytokine inhibitors 171<br />
cytokine release syndrome 403<br />
cytomegalovirus 359<br />
cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase inhibitors 380–1<br />
cytosine arabinoside 377<br />
cytotoxic drugs<br />
adverse effects 369–71<br />
alkylating agents 372–3<br />
antibiotics 377–8<br />
antimetabolites 374–7<br />
general principles 367–9<br />
hyperuricaemia from 172<br />
intravenous route 22<br />
microtubular inhibitors 379–80<br />
platinum compounds 373–4<br />
topoisomerase inhibitors 378–9<br />
D 4 dopamine receptors, schizophrenia 110<br />
daclizumab 404<br />
dantrolene 128, 152<br />
dapsone 339, 364<br />
darbepoietin 392–4<br />
dasatinib 381<br />
DC cardioversion 221<br />
death certificates, adverse drug reactions 66<br />
decongestants 406<br />
deep vein thrombosis, heparins for 205<br />
defibrillation 221<br />
dehydration 277<br />
see also oral rehydration preparations<br />
dehydropeptidase I 327<br />
delavirdine 355<br />
delayed hypersensitivity reactions 66–7, 400<br />
delirium tremens 441<br />
delivery (childbirth), drugs on 46<br />
demeclocycline 277, 318<br />
dental procedures, infective endocarditis 325<br />
5-deoxy fluorodeoxyuridine (5-dFdU) 376<br />
dependence on drugs 433–4<br />
benzodiazepines 108<br />
depolarizing muscle relaxants 150–1, 152<br />
depot injections<br />
antipsychotics 21, 111<br />
contraceptives 310–11<br />
testosterone 314<br />
depression 107, 116–23<br />
self-poisoning <strong>and</strong> 449<br />
dermatitis 66–7, 413–14, 417, 418<br />
desensitization<br />
drug allergies 67<br />
receptors 9<br />
desflurane 147<br />
desmopressin 277–8, 318, 395<br />
dexamethasone 305<br />
as anti-emetic 255<br />
dexmetomidine 150<br />
dextromethorphan 242<br />
dextropropoxyphene<br />
interaction with warfarin 208<br />
poisoning 448–9<br />
diabetes insipidus 277–8<br />
thiazides for 276<br />
diabetes mellitus 285–91<br />
ACEIs 187, 189<br />
�-adrenoceptor antagonists 75, 190<br />
elderly patients 59<br />
thiazides 192<br />
dialysis, poison elimination 13, 446, 448<br />
diamorphine (heroin) 161, 434, 435, 442<br />
diarrhoea 258–9<br />
camptothecins 378<br />
diazepam 108, 149<br />
rectal 54, 140<br />
for spasticity 128<br />
didanosine 354<br />
diet<br />
atheroma 179<br />
cirrhosis 274<br />
diabetes mellitus 286<br />
fibre 256, 257, 264<br />
protein restriction 260<br />
diethylstilbestrol 46–7<br />
diffusion<br />
drug absorption 19<br />
placenta 45<br />
diffusion hypoxia, nitrous oxide 147<br />
digoxin<br />
amiodarone <strong>and</strong> 225<br />
calcium chloride <strong>and</strong> 227<br />
for cardiac dysrhythmias 226<br />
elderly patients 59<br />
glomerular filtration 31<br />
heart failure 214–15<br />
loading doses 14<br />
renal failure 36<br />
plasma concentration<br />
monitoring 42<br />
tissue concentration vs 41–2<br />
quinidine <strong>and</strong> 73<br />
renal failure 36<br />
thyroid disease 39<br />
verapamil <strong>and</strong> 225<br />
dihydrocodeine 162<br />
dihydr<strong>of</strong>olate reductase 374<br />
dihydropyridine dehydrogenase deficiency 376<br />
diltiazem 198<br />
ciclosporin <strong>and</strong> 402<br />
dinoprostone 312<br />
dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate 257<br />
INDEX 455<br />
diphenhydramine 405<br />
diphenoxylate 258<br />
Diphyllobothrium latum, drugs for 365<br />
dipipanone 434<br />
dipivefrine 305<br />
dipyridamole 209<br />
adenosine <strong>and</strong> 209, 226<br />
disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs<br />
(DMARDs) 169–71<br />
disopyramide 222<br />
dissecting aortic aneurysms, �-adrenoceptor<br />
antagonists 189–90<br />
dissociation equilibrium constant (KB) 9<br />
distal tubular reabsorption 32–3<br />
distribution <strong>of</strong> drugs 11<br />
children 52<br />
drug interactions 75<br />
elderly patients 57<br />
heart failure 35<br />
liver disease 38<br />
renal failure 35–6<br />
see also volume <strong>of</strong> distribution (V d)<br />
disulfiram 441<br />
diuresis<br />
for poisoning 446<br />
on renal clearance 32<br />
diuretics 274–6, 280<br />
ACEIs <strong>and</strong> 187, 188<br />
cirrhosis 274<br />
elderly patients 59<br />
heart failure 213<br />
hypertension 192<br />
nephrotic syndrome 35, 37<br />
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs <strong>and</strong> 168<br />
potassium-sparing 276, 278, 280<br />
for volume overload 273<br />
weight loss 264<br />
DNA, particle-mediated epidermal delivery 95<br />
DNA therapies 92–6<br />
DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors 378<br />
DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors 379<br />
DNA vaccines 93, 95<br />
docetaxel 380<br />
domperidone 126, 142, 254<br />
donepezil 131–2<br />
L-dopa see levodopa<br />
dopa decarboxylase inhibitors 125–6<br />
dopamine<br />
drug dependence 434<br />
drugs increasing release 126<br />
schizophrenia 110, 111<br />
dopamine antagonists 254<br />
dopamine receptors<br />
agonists 125, 126–7<br />
D 4, schizophrenia 110<br />
Parkinson’s syndrome 124<br />
dorzolamide 274, 426<br />
dosage<br />
children 54<br />
renal failure 37<br />
dose-dependent pharmacokinetics see non-linear<br />
pharmacokinetics<br />
dose ratio 8, 9<br />
dose–response curves 6, 8<br />
steepness <strong>and</strong> adverse effects 72, 73<br />
double-blind design <strong>of</strong> trials 88<br />
doxazosin 193<br />
doxorubicin 377, 378<br />
doxycycline 329<br />
malaria prophylaxis 362<br />
Dracunculus medinensis, metronidazole 365<br />
driving, epilepsy 140<br />
drospirenone 308<br />
drug abuse 433–43<br />
drug development 4, 86–91<br />
process 89–90