Spain and the United States - Real Instituto Elcano

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98 SPAIN AND THE UNITED STATES demographic, sociological, cultural, political and economic potential of the until then less-than-defined Hispanic community, that really awakened the government’s interest. This census also coincided with the rapid emergence in Spain of a large community of immigrants from Latin America (1.45 million at the beginning of 2005, compared with a total of 165,000 foreign residents of all nationalities in Spain in 1976). José María Aznar, Spain’s former prime minister (1996-2004), visited several Hispanic states during his frequent visits to the United States but took a partisan approach towards the community. For example, he offered to campaign for the Republicans. This was a risky strategy, particularly as Hispanics tend to vote for the Democrats (John Kerry got 53% of the Hispanic vote in the November 2004 election), and not one that Spain’s ruling Socialists are following, although the Democrats are the natural allies of the Socialists. Of the 21.5 million registered Hispanic voters, only around seven million of them voted. There are several areas where Spain can work with the Hispanic community, most notably establishing better institutional relations with bodies representing Hispanics, such as the New America Alliance, the Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce and the Hispanic Business Round Table, jointly working on Spanish-language projects and finding ways for Spanish companies to participate in Hispanic companies, particularly in the field of culture (cinema, TV, music, etc). But it should always be borne in mind that, as Emilio Cassinello, former Consul General in New York, points out, “approaching the Hispanic community means approaching the United States. We must always keep in mind that Hispanics and the US cannot be analysed as two dissociable entities.” Relationships can, and indeed are, being developed with Hispanic political leaders from both the Republican and Democratic parties (for example, with the two Hispanic senators, Republican Mel Martinez and Democrat Ken Salazar), but this has to be done without becoming involved in US internal politics. A key player on both sides of the Atlantic is the United States-Spain Council, which was created in 1995 during the third Socialist government of Felipe González to encourage understanding of shared interests and promote constructive relations and cooperation between the Spanish and American governments on a variety of issues, including trade intellectual property rights and education. The Council, whose US president is Mel Martinez, meets once a year, alternating between Spain and the United States. Its members include government officials, members of the Spanish parliament and the US Senate, businessmen and academics. It is a useful talking shop and forum for networking and could act as a kind of lobby.
THE HISPANIC COMMUNITY 99 In 1998, the Council started a programme for young Hispanic leaders in conjunction with the Ortega y Gasset Foundation and the Menéndez Pelayo International University. Since then, more than 100 Hispanics have been selected and visited Spain and they have started to organise themselves in the United States as a group with specific proposals about how to develop stronger relations. These include: • Alliances between the main cultural institutions of both communities. • In order to strengthen the Spanish language in the United States, the Cervantes Institute should have a minimum of ten centres, beginning with those cities with the largest Hispanic populations. These centres would have special courses for those who speak it but do not write it well, as they learned the language from their parents but not formally. • US school textbooks should be changed in order to more faithfully reflect the contribution that Spain and the Hispanic community have made to the United States since its independence. • Promote Spanish investment in Hispanic companies and Hispanic investment in Spanish companies. • Create a venture capital vehicle for Hispanic entrepreneurs. • Explore the possibility of a co-production treaty between Spain and the National Association of Latino Independent Producers to promote the development, financing and production of films and TV programmes. • Foster greater trade so that Spain will be the gateway to Europe for the products of Hispanic companies and Hispanic companies in the United States for Spain. There is no bursaries programme in Spain specifically aimed at Hispanics, something that would also help the two sides to better understand one another. The Carolina Foundation’s bursaries are preferentially aimed at students from Latin America as opposed to students of Latin American origin who live in the United States. The MAEC-AECI grants offered by the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs have so far attracted a minimal number of Hispanics. One proposal is to create a kind of British Rhodes Scholarship scheme, which would have to be open to all US students in order to avoid
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Published by the Real Instituto Elc
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This is the third
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CONTENTS Preface ..................
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PREFACE Once again, our long-time c
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CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW Had it not been
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OVERVIEW 13 French of more than two
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OVERVIEW 15 committed Protestant, a
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OVERVIEW 17 money was used to purch
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OVERVIEW 19 Later, the runway at Ro
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OVERVIEW 21 a much more balanced re
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OVERVIEW 23 The position of the Eis
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OVERVIEW 25 The first such school i
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OVERVIEW 27 significant proportion.
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OVERVIEW 29 3,631 in 2003 (the four
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OVERVIEW 31 forces were not happy a
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OVERVIEW 33 It is fair to say that,
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OVERVIEW 35 sovereign Basque state)
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OVERVIEW 37 by those countries for
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OVERVIEW 39 was the main instigator
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OVERVIEW 41 magnitude needed in a
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OVERVIEW 43 The Spanish decision in
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