GREEN SEED COAT COLOUR RETENTION IN LENTIL - University ...

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2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Lentil (Lens culinaris) 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a dicotyledonous legume plant. Lentil is the fifth largest pulse crop grown in the world (Hymowitz, 1990). It grows as an indeterminate annual in a semi-erect pattern. The leaves are compound and usually have tendrils at the leaf tips. Lentil is capable of obtaining nitrogen through a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria, thereby reducing requirements for added nitrogen. Depending upon the genotype and environment there may be one to four flowers per peduncle. The small blue and white flowers develop pods usually containing one or two lens-shaped seeds, but in some cases may have up to four. Lentil is a diploid plant with a haploid chromosome number, n=7. It is native to the Fertile Crescent and has been an important food crop for over 8500 years (Oplinger et al., 1990). Hundreds of millions of people in the world have made lentil a staple in their diet and receive a portion of their daily protein, fiber, 4
carbohydrate, and micronutrient requirements from it. A balanced and nutritious diet can be formulated from cereals and lentil. Protein complementation occurs because the cereals are low in amino acids like lysine and leucine, while legumes like lentil have a relatively high content of these amino acids. Amino acids like methionine and cysteine that are low in lentil (Sell, 1993) are high in cereal making for balanced protein in the diet of monogastric mammals like humans and swine. 2.1.2 Canadian Lentil Lentil is an important cash crop in Canada especially in Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan produces 99 percent of the Canadian lentil crop (SPG, 2007). In 2005, 2.16 million acres of lentil were planted in Saskatchewan which produced 1.26 million tonnes (SAFRR, 2007). Canada is the world’s largest lentil exporter. In 2003 Canada accounted for 44 percent of total international lentil exports (AAFC, 2007). There are two main types of lentil grown in Canada, red and green. They differ on the basis of seed coat colour and cotyledon colour. Green lentil has a light green seed coat with a yellow cotyledon while red lentil usually has a brown or grey seed coat with an orange to red cotyledon. Until 1997 green lentil was the prevalent type grown on over 95 percent of the seeded area. In 2006 Saskatchewan had more red lentil acres seeded than green lentil for the first time (Hursh, 2006). The value of the two market classes is somewhat independent as the markets and uses of the two market classes differ. Red lentil is primarily consumed after the seed coat is removed by abrasive dehulling while green lentil is usually eaten whole. Thus 5
Page 1 and 2: GREEN SEED COAT COLOUR RETENTION IN
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT Poor seed coat colour desi
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would l
Page 7 and 8: 7.2 Maturity and Index Score ......
Page 9 and 10: Table 4.13 Acurum index score, tota
Page 11 and 12: 1.0 INTRODUCTION Green lentil has b
Page 13: example canola. In wheat it is used
Page 17 and 18: It would also be useful for lentil
Page 19 and 20: process and categorize the data int
Page 21 and 22: Table 2.2 Descriptions of the colou
Page 23 and 24: 2.4 Perceived seed colour in green
Page 25 and 26: 2.6 Cotyledon chlorophyll degradati
Page 27 and 28: temperatures. The more enzyme activ
Page 29 and 30: the seed produces bleached seeds wi
Page 31 and 32: correlation between seed weight in
Page 33 and 34: used widely as a desiccant is that
Page 35 and 36: prevailing winds. A problem that oc
Page 37 and 38: and the higher the heritability est
Page 39 and 40: 4.1 Heritability Study Objectives 4
Page 41 and 42: Plant material for the study includ
Page 43 and 44: Table 4.4 Herbicide and desiccant a
Page 45 and 46: was a=0.05. The heritability was ca
Page 47 and 48: during the time taken to remove the
Page 49 and 50: normally distributed data. In 2006
Page 51 and 52: location and year explained a large
Page 53 and 54: The tester set that was included in
Page 55 and 56: etween field and phytotron index sc
Page 57 and 58: Table 4.10 shows the mean index sco
Page 59 and 60: Sutherland in 2005 produced the mos
Page 61 and 62: Table 4.12 Effect of changing the n
Page 63 and 64: wrinkling as sound seeds. It is dif
Page 65 and 66:
negative relationship. The regressi
Page 67 and 68:
Chlorophyll b content (mg/g) 120 10
Page 69 and 70:
1994). It is important to note howe
Page 71 and 72:
estimates of which lines produced t
Page 73 and 74:
in both years to produce two differ
Page 75 and 76:
At the time of desiccation or swath
Page 77 and 78:
a significant genotype x environmen
Page 79 and 80:
Table 5.7 Mean green index score of
Page 81 and 82:
All three groups for both desiccati
Page 83 and 84:
index score was not equal for each
Page 85 and 86:
Alternatively, the samples had less
Page 87 and 88:
sclerotinia white mold (Sclerotinia
Page 89 and 90:
6.0 GENERAL DISCUSSION Knowing whic
Page 91 and 92:
The Acurum ® machine has some pote
Page 93 and 94:
process. If small gains in desirabi
Page 95 and 96:
for more efficient selection sooner
Page 97 and 98:
8.0 REFERENCES AAFC. 2007. Agricult
Page 99 and 100:
Guiamét, J.J., E. Schwartz, E. Pic
Page 101 and 102:
Shearer, S.A., G.M. Turner, M. Coll
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