The role of physical design and informal communication

o Expert – needs no input from orientor; approaches orientor when
they have never performed a task and suggests a way to proceed
versus having no plan
10. Prioritization
o Novice – needs to be told what to do first (which task, which patient
to see first); often will perform tasks in systematic order instead of
prioritizing
o Expert – decides who is the most critically ill patient at that time and
can modify as day goes on and as patient status changes;
recognizes when multiple patients/tasks are equally important and
can delegate
11. Time Management
o Novice – often fails to complete tasks on time; tends to stay late
beyond shift; often needs someone else to step in so that work will
get completed
o Expert – completes routine tasks on time; adjusts when patient
conditions change, but manages to stay on time with tasks; has time
for break, has time for other tasks (patient education, time to discuss
psychosocial aspects with patients/family)
12. Critical Thinking
o Novice – performs little critical thinking because of lack of
experiential knowledge; tends not to think critically because of being
so focused on the task at hand
o Expert – draws from experiential and theoretical knowledge and
relates current situations to situations that they’ve seen before and
develops a hypothesis for what they think is going on
13. Delegation & Follow through
o Novice – fails to recognize when delegation is needed; lacks
knowledge on how to delegate
o Expert – recognizes when delegation is needed (not necessarily
when they’re very busy); has mastered the social skills needed to
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