NOSCE TE IPSUM

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RBH,B RBH,BCB6 RBH,B B6 ! ! / @))& @))& sawarmoo xarjebis Semcirebis Teoriis aucilebel Sedegs” 10 . neoklasikurma skolam, romlis ayvaveba XIX saukuneSi daiwyo, ufro zustad da srulad warmoadgina srulyofili konkurenciis gavlena fasebis sistemaze. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad SeiZleba miviCnioT a. marSalis neoklasikuri koncefciebi. swored, man Cauyara safuZveli e.w. konkurenciis teqnologiur koncefcias, rac koncentracias masStabis ekonomiasTan akavSirebs. didi moculobis warmoebis upiratesobis axsnisas is werda: ,,misi warmoebis masStabebis gafarToeba swrafad afarToebs mis upiratesobas konkurentebis winaSe da amcirebs fasebs, romlis safuZvelzec mas eZleva saSualeba Tavisi produqcia gayidos . . . da Tu sawarmos Seswevs unari SenarCundes bazarze mTeli asi wlis ganmavlobaSi, mas da mis msgavss erT an ors SeuZliaT erTmaneTSi mTlianad gainawilon warmoebis mTeli dargi, romelSic isini moqmedeben” 11 . a. marSalis kursi gaagrZela j. robinsonma, romelmac gamoyo dargi, sadac konkurencia principSi SeuZlebelia misi teqnologiuri Zalis Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare. am dargebma mogvianebiT miiRes ,,bunebrivi monopoliebis~ saxelwodeba. robinsonma maT miakuTvna rkinigzis transporti da energetikis sfero. misi azriT, aq konkurenciis winapirobebi ar arsebobs. Tu aseT dargSi imoqmedebs ori firma, isini an iZulebuli iqnebian erTmaneTs gauwion konkurencia (amasTan, verc erTi maTgani danaxarjebsac ki ver ainazRaurebs) an ufro susti gakotrdeba, anda isini iZulebuli gaxdebian gaerTiandnen 12 . mTlianobaSi XIX saukunis bolo wlebi da XX saukunis dasawyisi aris periodi, rodesac mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ganicada bevrma adre damkvidrebulma Tvalsazrisma ekonomikaSi konkurenciis rolis Sesaxeb. srulyofili konkurenciis arsebuli modeliT ukmayofileba warmoSva moWarbebulma yuradRebam konkurenciis mxolod erTi saxeobis - fasebiT konkurenciis mimarT. garda amisa, fasebiT konkurenciis meSveobiT SeuZlebeli iyo konkurenciis arsis wvdoma. swored amitom, sruliad gansxvavebuli midgoma SemogvTavaza i. Sumpeterma, romelmac konkurencia ganixila, rogorc Tavisi bunebiT dinamikuri procesi. antimonopoliuri politikis Serbilebuli saxiT gatarebis Teoriul safuZvlebs warmoadgens i. Sumpeteris idea ,,efeqtiani monopoliisa~ da ,,srulyofili (axali) konkurenciis” Sesaxeb, romlis arsia axlis danergva da xarisxis konkurencia da arsebiTad gansxvavdeba fasiT konkurenciis tradiciuli meqanizmisagan. is aRniSnavda, rom ,, . . . es ar aris konkurenciis is saxeoba, romelic moqmedebs arsebuli saqonlisas, magram igi SeiZleba iyos gansakuTrebulad aqtualuri, Tu saqme exeba axal saqonels, axal teqnologias, axal resursebs, an organizaciis axal tips” 13 . amdenad, brZolam fasebis irgvliv, xSirad unayofomac, adgili dauTmo ,,SemoqmedebiTi ngrevis” process, warmoebis Zveli meTodebis mudmiv gamodevnas axali meTodebiT, warmoebis Zveli meTodebisa – axali meTodebiT, produqciis Zveli saxeebisa – axali saxeebiT da a.S. . . . konkurenciis aseTi tipi imdenad ufro moqmedia fasebiT konkurenciasTan SedarebiT, ramdenadac dabombva ufro Zliermoqmedeba karis ngrevaze da is imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom am pirobebSi ukve didi mniSvneloba eniWeba mimdinareobs Tu ara fasebiT konkurencia metnaklebad cocxlad” 14 . igive problemas exeba f. haieki Tavis wignSi ,,individualizmi da ekonomikuri wesrigi”. mas miaCnda, rom ekonomikur mecnierebaSi arasworad xdeboda ,,konkurenciis” terminis gamoyeneba. misi SexedulebiT konkurencia unda ganvixiloT ufro farTod _ ara mxolod da ara imdenad bazarze firmebis 140
! / @))&6 @))&6 RBH,B RBH,BCB RBH,B urTierTqmedebis strategiis saxiT, aramed ekonomikuri cxovrebis mamoZravebeli Zalis saxiT. am poziciebidan haieki axdens konkurenciis dayofas rogorc Tavisi bunebiT dinamikur procesad da konkurenciis modelis statikur versiad, romelsac warmoadgens sabazro wonasworoba 15 . rogorc profesori m. ToqmaziSvili Tavis naSromSi ,,fridrix fon haiekis ekonomikuri Teoriis narkvevebi” aRniSnavs ,,haieki aris konkurenciisadmi TeoriebSi gabatonebuli statikuri midgomis winaaRmdegi. statikuri midgoma konkurencias ukavSirebs produqtebisa da teqnologiis erTsaxovnebas, ekonomikuri subieqtebis qcevis erTtipiurobas. Hhaieki xedavs konkurenciaSi individebis moTxovnebis cvlilebebsa da maTi dakmayofilebis adre ucnobi wesebis gamovlenis process. amasTanave, momavlis konturebis anarekls, romelic dRes sustad aris gamovlenili. momavlis konturebis gamovlena dakavSirebulia garkveul danakargebTan. danakargebs haieki ukavSirebs ara konkurenciis damangrevel Zalas, aramed adamianis qcevis Sedegebis winaswarmetyvelebis principul SeuZleblobas. amasTan, igi Tvlis, rom konkurencia fasobs imdenad, ramdenadac misi Sedegebis winaswarmetyveleba SeuZlebelia da mTlianad misi Sedegebi gansxvavdeba imisagan, rac iyo dagegmili” 16 . srulyofili konkurenciis modelis kritikosebi miuTiTebdnen monopoliis elementebze, rac gavlenas axdens ekonomikaze, magram ar aisaxeba arsebul koncefciaSi. gamonakliss warmoadgens k. marqsis ,,kapitali”, sadac sakmaod vrclad aRiwereba ganviTarebadi qveynebis ekonomikis eqspluatacia saxelmwifo monopoliebiT. kritikas iwvevda is garemoeba, rom srulyofili konkurenciis ekonomikuri koncefcia ugulvebelyofda konkurenciuli saqmianobis dinamikas, ignorirebas ukeTebda droiTi faqtoris mniSvnelobas da Semoifargleboda konkurentebis aqtiurobis zedapiruli motivaciiT. warmoadgenda ra mxolod formalur models, srulyofili konkurenciis Teorias hqonda bevri seriozuli naklovaneba. rogorc cnobili qarTveli ekonomisti, profesori v. papava Tavis naSromSi ,,saqarTvelo sabazro ekonomikis gzaze” aRniSnavs - ,,srulyofili konkurencia (da, amdenad, Tavisufali bazari) mxolod da mxolod Teoriuli konstruqciaa . . . miuxedavad imisa, rom srulyofil konkurencias arasodes arc erT qveyanaSi ar hqonia adgili da, saerTodac, praqtikulad SeuZlebelia misi arseboba, igi gamoiyeneba TeoriaSi sabazro ekonomikis kanonzomierebaTa Sesaswavlad, rac Semdeg gaiTvaliswineba realur situaciaSi am kanonzomierebidan gadaxrebis gaTvaliswinebiT . . . “ 17 . analogiurad, profesorebis g. adeiSvilisa da r. asaTianis redaqciiT gamocemul _ ekonomikuri Teoriis saxelmZRvaneloSi aRniSnulia, rom sazogadod konkurencia aris Tavisufali da monopoliuri. Tumca, isic unda iTqvas, ,,rom absoluturad Tavisufali anu srulyofili konkurencia da yovelmxriv damoukidebeli, TviTregulirebadi sabazro meurneoba wminda saxiT msoflios arc erT qveyanaSi ar arsebobs da arc arsebula” 18 . monopoliebis siZlieris zrdam da saerTo krizisis sxva Sedegebma XX saukunis dasawyisSi daadastures saxelmwifoebrivi arCarevis midgomebis uSinaarsoba bazarze dabalansebis procesSi, magram 1929-1933 ww. krizisamde da j. keinsis cnobili naSromis ,, ,,dasaqmebis, ,, procentis da fulis zogadi Teoria” (1936) gamosvlamde es procesi atarebda fragmentul xasiaTs. cnobili qarTveli ekonomistebi, profesorebi a. silagaZe, m. enuqaSvili da e. meqvabiSvili TavianT naSromSi ,,ekonomikuri codnis sawyisebi” aRniSnaven, rom _ ,,keinsamdis kapitalistur samyaroSi gabatonebuli iyo ekonomikisadmi, e.w. mikroekonomikuri midgoma, anu, upirveles yovlisa, calkeuli sameurneo erTeulebis (firma, korporacia, tresti) interesebis gaTvaliswineba. keinsma wina planze wamoswia dasaqmebis problema, vinaidan ekonomikuri krizisi yvelaze TvalnaTliv gamoixata umuSevrobis zrdaSi . . . damokidebuleba erovnuli simdidris zrdasa da moxmarebis zrdas Soris, rodesac meore ufro naklebi tempiT izrdeba, vidre pirveli, warmoadgens keinsis mier Camoyalibebuli 141
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