NOSCE TE IPSUM

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RBH,B RBH,BCB6 RBH,B B6 ! ! / @))& @))& ZiriTadi fsiqologiuri kanonis Sinaarss. am kanonis moqmedebis Sedegad mosaxleobis mxridan klebulobs sayovelTao moTxovnileba, Sesabamisad klebulobs warmoebis moculoba da sawarmos mflobelebi iZulebuli xdebian daiTxovon momuSaveTa garkveuli raodenoba, e.i. matulobs umuSevarTa ricxvi. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, keinsi asabuTebs saxelmwifos mxridan adamianis moxmarebisaken midrekilebaze zemoqmedebis aucileblobas da Sesabamisad ekonomikis dagegmvis mizanSewonilobas, anu saxelmwifos Carevas ekonomikur procesebSi . . . “ 19 . amasTan, keinsi iyo mecnieri, romelic neoklasikosebisagan gansxvavebiT mivida daskvnamde, rom ekonomikis sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani problemebi unda veZioT ara resursebis miwodebaSi, aramed moTxovnaSi. misi ...Teoriis qvakuTxedia ekonomikaSi saxelmwifos aqtiurad Careva efeqtiani moTxovnis Seqmnis gziT. keinsi Tavis fundamentur naSromSi ,,dasaqmebis, procentisa da fulis zogad TeoriaSi” gviCvenebs im gzebs, romelTa meSveobiTac SeiZleba saxelmwifo aqtiurad Caebas ekonomikur cxovrebaSi. keinsis Teoriis mixedviT, es SeiZleba ganxorcieldes axali saxelmwifo investiciebiT, gadasaxadebis ganakveTebis SemcirebiT, axali kreditebiT (SeRavaTian procentebSi) an subsidiebis gziT. swored, saxelmwifo investiciebs eniWeba udidesi adgili am TeoriaSi, radgan warmoebis zrdis erT - erTi umTavresi faqtori investiciebia” 20 . XX saukunis erT-erTma cnobilma ekonomistma p. srafam safuZveli Cauyara ekonomikur TeoriaSi axal mimarTulebas _ ,,neorikardianelobas”. neoklasikuri skolisa da am axladaRmocenebuli mimdinareobis warmomadgenelTa Soris winaaRmdegobaTa ZiriTad sferos warmoadgenda diskusiebi faswarmoqmnis sakiTxebis garSemo, romelic daiwyo p. srafas naSromis _ ,,Semosavlebis kanonebi konkurenciis pirobebSi“ gamosvlisTanave. am naSromiT man daamtkica, , rom warmoebis masStabebis zrdiT msxvili sawarmoebi Rebuloben damatebiT upiratesobebs, romelTa realizacia SesaZlebelia mxolod jansaRi konkurenciis meqanizmis moqmedebis darRveviT da faswarmoqmnaze uSualo zegavlenis meSveobiT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom XX saukunis ekonomikuri azrovnebis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes miRwevas warmoadgens monopoliuri konkurenciis Teoria. ,,monopoliisa da konkurenciis Zala mWidrodaa gadajaWvuli erTmaneTTan da qmnis erTian qsovils, romelSic isini gansxvavdebian Tavisi moxatulobiT~ 21 - aRniSnavda misi Semqmneli edvard Cemberlini. magram is, iseve rogorc arasrulyofili konkurenciis koncefciis SemmuSavebeli joan robinsoni, monopoliisa da konkurenciis urTierTdamokidebulebas ganixilavda upiratesad istoriuli konteqstis miRma. amasTan, ueWvelia, rom sxvadasxva istoriul periodSi damokidebuleba maT Soris yalibdeboda sxvadasxvanairad. amdenad, aranaklebi mniSvnelobisaa is garemoeba, rom monopoliisa da konkurenciis istoriuli cvlilebebis procesis guldasmiTi analizis dros SeiZleba gamovlenil iqnas aSkarad gamoxatuli cikluri kanonzomierebani, rac samwuxarod dRemde araa gamokvleuli ekonomikur literaturaSi. klasikuri da neoklasikuri skolebis warmomadgenelTa Sexedulebebis ZiriTad nakls warmoadgens is, rom isini upirates mniSvnelobas aniWeben fasis makoordinirebel rols grZelvadiani wonasworobisaTvis. amdenad, is monopoliebi, romelTac hqondaT moklevadiani periodis yvela niSani, ar iwvevda maT interess. a. smiTisa da d. rikardos mcdeloba daedginaT kavSiri warmoebis fasebsa da Rirebulebas Soris, aseve maT mier Camoyalibebuli Rirebulebis Teoria, ar warmoadgenda winapirobas monopoliebis Teoriis SeqmnisaTvis. isini mxolod mokled moixseniebdnen monopolias, rodesac Camoayalibes daskvna ekonomikis decentralizaciis Sesaxeb. sinamdvileSi, monopoliebis Teoria saerTod ar Sedioda ekonomikur TeoriaSi 1838 wlamde, sanam a. kurnom ar daadgina Tanafardoba marginalur wliur Semosavalsa da wonasworobis monopoliur fass Soris da amis safuZvelze SemogvTavaza sufTa 142
! / @))&6 @))&6 RBH,B RBH,BCB RBH,B monopoliis da duopoliis (SemdgomSi - oligopoliis) Teoria. ,,arsebobs rigi formaluri Teoria oligopoliis Sesaxeb. jer - jerobiT araa SemuSavebuli erTiani zogadi Teoria, magram pirveli cda oligopoliis Sesaxeb zogadi Teoriis Seqmnisa gaakeTa kurnom jer kidev 1838 w. daSvebiT konkurentebis qcevaze TiToeuli firmis reaqciasTan mimarTebaSi _ Tavdapirvelad firma imoqmedebs ise, TiTqos is ar elodeba Tavisi konkurentebisagan cvlilebebs~ 22 . SemdgomSi es Sexeduleba sxva Teoretikosebis mier iqna ganviTarebuli. amaTan, , ,. . . kurno iwyebs analizs, misi azriT, umartivesi SemTxvevidan _ bunebrivi monopoliidan . . . igi ixilavs duopoliis, (ori metoqe monopolistis) konkurentebis SezRuduli ricxvisa da, bolos, Tavisufali konkurenciis SemTxvevebs. amrigad, kurnos modeli igeba ukumimarTulebiT XIX saukuneSi ganviTarebis namdvili istoriuli procesis mimarT, romelic mimdinareobda Tavisufali konkurenciidan monopoliisaken“ 23 . mniSvnelovani wvlili oligopoliis da monopoliis Teoriul modelebSi mogvianebiT Seitanes f. ejuortma (maTematikuri aRwera), a. lernerma (monopoliuri Zalaufleba da misi Sefaseba), k. viqselma (konkurencia da fasebiT diskriminacia), m. tugan-baranovskim (kompleqsuri midgoma), i. Sumpeterma, f. haiekma da sxva. amdenad, XX saukunis Sua periodSi ukve Camoyalibebuli iyo saerTo Sexedulebebi konkurenciis arssa da misi ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli Zalebis Sesaxeb, rac gamoxatul iqna sabazro struqturis oTx klasikur modelSi, rogoricaa _ srulyofili konkurencia, monopoliuri konkurencia, oligopoliuri konkurencia da absoluturi monopolia. Tumca, isic cxadia, rom antimonopoliuri regulirebis praqtikuli realizaciis gamocdileba mudmivad aris biZgis mimcemi Sesabamisi Teoriuli safuZvlebis Camoyalibebisa da srulyofis mimarTulebiT. Tu yovelive zemoaRniSnuls ganvazogadebT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Teoriuli modelebi, saWiroebs Semdgom ganviTarebas da dazustebas. amasTan, rac ufro axloa realuri sabazro struqtura konkretul modelTan, miT ufro SesamCnevia masSi konkurenciis aRwerili meqanizmebi. magram es ar niSnavs, rom konkurenciis CamoTvlili oTxi modelis daxmarebiT SeiZleba aRvweroT realuri bazrebis rTuli da winaaRmdegobrivi mdgomareobis mTeli nairsaxeoba. konkurenciis modelebis upiratesobebsa da naklovanebebze SeiZleba vimsjeloT, pirvel rigSi, sabazro urTierTobebis ganviTarebis konkretuli istoriuli etapis, konkurenciis gamocdilebis da bazris ekonomikuri Tavis eburebebidan gamomdinare. amrigad, doqtrinebi, konkurenciis Sesaxeb icvleboda epoqebisa da realuri garemos cvlilebebTan erTad, Tumca, ucvleli rCeboda erTi _ konkurencia, rac, albaT, ama Tu im formiT iarsebebs manam, sanam iarsebebs sociumi. b) b) b) b) b) konkurenciis konkurenciis konkurenciis konkurenciis konkurenciis politikis politikis politikis politikis politikis ganxorcielebis ganxorcielebis ganxorcielebis ganxorcielebis ganxorcielebis modelebi. modelebi. modelebi. modelebi. modelebi. XIX saukunis bolos mecnier-ekonomistTa da politikosTa mier mxardaWeril iqna Teoria, romlis Tanaxmad konkurenciis pirobebSi TiToeuli mewarme subieqti sakuTari interesebidan gamomdinare ,,uxilavi xelis” daxmarebiT axdens (miiswrafvis) saukeTeso gadawyvetilebis (resursebis gadanawilebis kuTxiT) miRebas (misaRebad) da am procesSi raime formiT nebismieri arasabazro Zalis (mTavroba, SezRudvis meqanizmebis raime formiT gamoyeneba da a.S.) Careva araefeqturia. saukunis win, iseTi qveynebic ki, romlebic dReisaTvis ganviTarebulad iTvlebian, ekonomikaSi wamyvan rols mcire sawarmoebs aniWebdnen. mogvianebiT, qveynis ekonomikaSi mniSvnelovani adgili daikaves damoukidebelma msxvilma korporaciebma, romlebic msxvili kapitalis brunviT mniSvnelovan Zalas warmoadgenen Tanamedrove sabazro ekonomikaSi. Tumca ,, . . . . . . . dakvirvebidan gamomdinare ekonomistebma daaskvnes, rom msxvili sawarmoebis momravleba akninebs konkurencias da xels uSlis arsebuli resursebis optimalur aTvisebas. ekonomistebis dakvirvebebma cxadyves ekonomikuri simZlavris koncentraciasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi da gadawyvetis erT-erT formad daasaxeles saxelmwifo kontroli” 24 . sazogadod, konkurenciis politika efuZneba im 143
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NOSCE TE IPSUM

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