NOSCE TE IPSUM

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RBH,B RBH,BCB6 RBH,B B6 ! ! / @))& @))& ganxorcieldes ori formiT. MmxareebisaTvis SeiZleba sakmarisi iyos imis demonstrireba, rom esa Tu is xelSekruleba an operacia aucilebelia efeqtianobis misaRwevad. meore variantiT mxarebs SeiZleba moeTxovoT imis dasabuTeba, rom efeqtianoba arsebobs da rom is sargebels moutans momxmarebels (dabali fasebi, ukeTesi xarisxi, ukeTesi momsaxureba). xSirad akritikeben dominirebaze dafuZnebuli kanonis realobaSi gatarebas imisaTvis, rom is icavs mcire zomis araefeqtur ekonomikur agentebs, didi zomis ekonomikuri agentebis efeqturi funqcionirebis da operaciebis aRkveTis xarjze. Ees ZiriTadad exeba im SemTxvevebs, romlebic gulisxmoben vertikalur da horizontalur Serwymebs.ar aris damtkicebuli, rom moklevadiani efeqturobis xelSewyoba aucileblad migviyvans grZelvadian ekonomikur zrdasTan. empiriuli mtkiceba imisa, rom mcire ekonomikuri agentebi ufro swrafad izrdebian, vidre didi ekonomikuri agentebi, ar niSnavs imas, rom mcire zomis ekonomikuri agentebi ufro efeqturebi arian, aramed gulisxmobs, rom isini ufro operatiulad exmaurebian axal SesaZleblobebs. farTo gagebiT, konkurenciis kanonis gatarebis efeqturoba damokidebulia konkurenciis saagentosa da sasamarTlo sistemis muSaobaze. ganviTarebuli sabazro ekonomikis mqone qveynebSi gamokvlevebs konkurenciis sferoSi moeTxovebaT imis Sefaseba, Tu ramdenad sakmarisia sabazro Zalebi konkurenciisadmi miyenebuli zianis aRsakveTad. konkurentebs Soris SesaZlo Serwyma Tu gamoiwvevs SedarebiT maRali fasis SemoRebas, pasuxad bazarze axali momwodeblebi Semovlen, romlebic Sesabamisad daagdeben fasebs, an SeiZleba mcire zomis an bazarze Semsvlelma firmam (rac TavisTavad didi zomis mowinaaRmdegis fasebis zrdis Sedegia) kapitalis bazris saSualebiT daafinansos zemoxsenebulis Sedegad miyenebuli zarali. Tu sxva yvelaferi Tanabaria (bazris barierebi minimaluria), kargad ganviTarebuli bazris arsebobisas, konkurenciis kanonis realobaSi gatareba unda iyos SedarebiT SezRuduli. xSir SemTxvevaSi sabazro meqanizmebi myidvelebs, mcire zomis sawarmoebsa da investorebs awvdian bevr komerciul alternativas, rac konkurencias SesaZlo zianisagan aTavisuflebs. amgvarad, sadac sabazro meqanizmi efeqturia, konkurenciis saagento saerTod ar unda Caerios, an misi Careva unda iyos minimaluri. kanonebi da regulirebis wesebi did gavlenas axdenen qveyanaSi konkurenciis sicocxlisunarianobaze, bazrebis masStabebsa da zomebze, momwodeblis koncentracis doneze, bazarze Sesvlisa da gasvlis pirobebze, potenciuri momwodeblis danaxarjebsa da efeqturobaze. xsenebulis pasuxad, konkurenciis saagentoebi xSirad moqmedeben rogorc ,,konkurenciis advokatebi”. es ukanaskneli moicavs sazogadoebisaTvis eqspertuli analizis da komentarebis miwodebas kanonebis, regulirebis wesebis, centraluri da adgilobrivi samTavrobo organoebis gadawyvetilebebis aspeqtebze. TvalSi sacemi sxvaoba arsebobs industriul da reformirebad qveyenebSi arsebul konkurenciis saagentoebs Soris. pirvel SemTxvevaSi sagento rogorc wesi rCeviTi funqciis ganmxorcielebelia. mas SeuZlia mxolod rCevebi gasces da Zalas ver daatans sxva samTavrobo organoebs ekonomikuri regulirebisa da politikis sakiTxebze. amasTan arsebobs sapirispiro praqtikac, rodesac antikonkurenciuli regulirebisas damrRvevebis mimarT SemoRebulia mkacri sajarimo sanqciebi. kerZod, im administraciuli organoebisa da pirebis mimarT, romlebic pasuxs ageben aseT regulirebaze. politikuri mxardaWeris gareSe konkurenciis verc erTi saagento ver gamodgeba ekonomikuri reformis gidad. im SemTxvevaSi Tu ekonomikur reformebs Tan axlavs politikuri mxardaWera, konkurenciis saagentos ZaluZs uzrunvelyos mTavrobis yovel doneze ganxorcielebuli qmedebebis Sesabamisoba arCeuli reformis kursTan. konkurenciis kanonebi krZalaven iseT komerciul prqtikas, kontraqtebsa da xelSekrulebebs, romlebic mniSvnelovnad amcireben konkurencias, aZliereben bazris Zalasa da 148
! / @))&6 @))&6 RBH,B RBH,BCB RBH,B dominirebuli mdgomareobis borotad gamoyenebas. iuridiuli standartebi saxelmwifoebis mixedviT gansxvavdebian, rac gamowveulia konkurenciis erovnuli debulebebis miznebiTa da komerciuli efeqtis Sesaxeb Sexedulebis sxvadasxvaobiT. horizontaluri SezRudvebi iTvaliswinebs iseT SeTanxmebebs, romlebic ideba konkurent momwodeblebs Soris fasebis, investiciebis, warmadobis moculobis, produqciis diferenciaciisa an reklamirebis SezRudvis mizniT. arsebobs mravali saxis horizontaluri SezRudva, romelTagan bevria miCneuli sabazro ekonomikisaTvis sazianod da arasasurvelad. horizontaluri fasebis fiqsacia yovelTvis ikrZaleba industriul qveynebSi da akrZalvis darRveva xdeba mkacri samoqalaqo da kriminaluri sanqciebis gamoyenebis mizezi. amis sapirispirod, sxva horizontaluri SezRudvebi, rogoricaa magaliTad, produqciis standartebis Camoyalibebaze SeTanxmeba, miCneulia, rom aZlierebs rogorc konkurencias, aseve efeqturobas da kanonieria industriuli qveynebis umravlesobaSi. gonivrulobis principis gamoyenebiT, arsebobs iseTi varianti, romliTac reformirebadi ekonomikis mqone qveynebSi SeiZleba horizontaluri SeTanxmebebis sakiTxis mogvareba imgvarad, rom fasebis fiqsireba da sxva aSkarad antikonkurentuli praqtika aikrZalos, xolo potenciuri efeqtianobis SeTanxmebebi SenarCundes. upirveles yovlisa, kanonSi dakonkretebul unda iqnes SeTanxmebebis tipebi da klasebi da TiToeuls unda Seesatyvisebodes sxvadasxva iuridiuli standarti (saqarTvelos konkurenciuli kanonmdebloba amas ar iTvaliswinebs, rac mis naklovanebas warmoadgens). konkurenciuli kanonmdeblobis srulyofis procesSi, ganviTarebuli qveynebi am problemis mowesrigebas cdiloben _ ,,absoluturi monopoliuri praqtikis” da ,,SedarebiTi monopoliuri praqtikis” SemoRebiT, romelTagan pirvel kategoriaSi moiazreba fasebis fiqsireba da msgavsi SeTanxmeba produqciis Semcirebaze, realizaciis teritoriis gansazRvrasa da sazogadoebriv auqcionebze ganacxadebis arakeTilsindisier praqtikaze. eseni yovelTvis saziano qmedebebia da Sesabamisad eqvemdebarebian upirobo da mkacr akrZalvas. ,,SedarebiTi monopoliuri praqtika” ki moicavs SeTanxmebebs teqnologiebisa da obieqtebis erTobliv gamoyenebaze, romlis konkurenciuli efeqti gaurkveveli, magram arasazianoa. amdenad, am konkretul (bolo) SemTxvevaSi konkurenciis saagentos SeuZlia horizontaluri SeTanxmebis daSveba, Tu isini efeqturobas uzrunvelyofen (gamonaklisebis sakiTxi evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobaSi swored amas exeba). am reJimis SeTanxmeba Tavisufldeba iuridiuli pasuxismgeblobisagan mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxareebi winaswar acnobeben konkurenciis saagentos da werilobiT Tanxmobas miiReben misgan. Tu aseTi Tanxmoba ar arsebobs, horizontaluri SeTanxmeba SeiZleba gaxdes mkacri sajarimo sanqciis sagani (saqarTvelos konkurenciis axali 2005 wlis 3 ivnisis kanoni mxolod rekomendaciebis micemas iTvaliswinebs).rac Seexeba vertikalur SeTanxmebebs is gulisxmobs im kontraqtebs, romlebic zRudaven saqmianobas mxareebs Soris myidvelisa da gamyidvelis urTierTobaSi. magaliTad, mwarmoeblebsa da misi produqciis distributorebs Soris. es SeTanxmeba Cveulebriv analizdeba ori faqtoriT: axalisebs TuUara is bazris Zalis gamoyenebas da Sedegad warmoqmnis Tu ara konkurenciul simetrias distributorebs Soris. sxvagvarad, rom vTqvaT komerciuli efeqtebi gaurkvevelia vertikaluri SeTanxmebebis SemTxvevaSi, vidre horizontaluri SeTanxmebebisas. Sedegad iuridiuli standartebi saxelmwifoebis mixedviT gansxvavdeba. magaliTad, aSS-s precedentul samarTalSi Seicvala midgomebi vertikaluri SeTanxmebebisadmi, ufro keTilganwyobis mimarTulebiT. 1985 wels antitrestuli ganyofilebis mier saxelmZRvanelo principebis miRebisas vertikaluri SezRudvebis mimarT aRiniSna, rom igi ar aRZravs gansaxilvelad saqmeebs vertikalur SezRudvebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic akontroleben bazris 10%-ze naklebs da ufro metic, aucileblad ar gaxdeba davis sagani is 149
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