Decisions About Practice Chapter 3 activities. Other possibilities include a shared writing story, dramatization <strong>of</strong> a favorite story with props and puppets, group collaborative games, discussion <strong>of</strong> a current science investigation or a mathematical problem encountered by a classmate. 11. Consider planning a closing circle at the end <strong>of</strong> the day or morning. This brings everyone back together to reflect and process events and consider what they have in mind for tomorrow. Lillian Katz once said “Look at a classroom at the end <strong>of</strong> a day and describe what it is that the children are coming back to tomorrow”. 12. If show and tell is planned for circle time, keep in mind: • children should be the primary talkers; • not everyone needs to share each time; • promote discussion and sharing rather than children presenting and sitting down; and • sharing might include not only an item, but also an experience, problem to be solved, or simply a child’s thoughts that are <strong>of</strong> importance to him or her. Teachers need to make circle times so wonderful and exciting that children can’t wait until it is time for another experience. References Berk, L.E. and Winsler, A. Scaffolding Children’s Learning: Vygotsky and <strong>Early</strong> <strong>Childhood</strong> <strong>Education</strong>. Washington, DC: National Association for the <strong>Education</strong> <strong>of</strong> Young Children (NAEYC), 1995. Bijou, S.W.; Peterson, R.F. and Ault, M.H. “A Method to Integrate Descriptive and Experimental Field Studies at the Level <strong>of</strong> Data and Empirical Concepts. In Journal <strong>of</strong> Applied Behavior. Analysis 1, pgs. 175- 191, 1968. 44 Edwards, C.; Gandini, L. and Forman. The Hundred Languages <strong>of</strong> Children. Greenwich, CT: Ablex Publishing Company, 1998. Strain, P. and Hemmeter, M.L. “Keys to Being Successful When Confronted with Challenging Behaviors. “In Young Exceptional Children, Vol. I, 1997. Vanscoy, I. and Fairchild, S. “It’s About Time! Helping Preschool and Primary Children Understand Time Concepts.” In Young Children, pgs. 21-29, January 1993. Resources Colker, Laura J. and Dodge, Diane Trister. The Creative Curriculum for <strong>Early</strong> <strong>Childhood</strong>. Beltsville, MD: Gryphon House, 1998. <strong>Connecticut</strong> <strong>State</strong> Board <strong>of</strong> <strong>Education</strong>. A Guide to Program Development for Kindergarten, Part I. Hartford, CT: <strong>Connecticut</strong> <strong>State</strong> Board <strong>of</strong> <strong>Education</strong>, 1988. Copple, C., Ed. The Right Stuff In Children Birth to Eight. Washington, DC: NAEYC, 1995. E. E. Elementary School, 1361 Rim Road, Fayetteville, N.C. 283314. Developmentally Appropriate Practices in Primary Grades (1993-1994). Hendrick, J. Total Learning: Curriculum for the Young Child. Columbus, OH: Merrill Publishing, 1986. Katz, Lillian G. What Should Young Children Be Learning? Reprinted from ERIC Digest, 12 Exchange, November – December, 1990. Morrow, Lesley. Literacy Centers. York, ME: Stonehouse Publishers, 1997. Sorohan, Eriea G. “Playgrounds Are US.” In Executive Educator. Pgs. 28-32, August 1995.
Assessment 4 “At its most basic level, assessment is the ability to see children, to perceive what they can do in the hope <strong>of</strong> understanding how they learn.” 45 (Brainard, 1997) HELPFUL TERMS TYPES OF TEST INSTRUMENTS ASSESSMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION CONNECTICUT’S PRESCHOOL ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK PRINCIPLES OF ASSESSMENT FOR YOUNG CHILDREN INFORMAL ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES BEST PRACTICES OBSERVING, RECORDING AND REFLECTING ADDRESSING DEVELOPMENTAL CONCERNS TYPICAL CLASSROOM CONCERNS AND SUGGESTED TOOLS EVENT SAMPLING PROBLEM-SOLVING APPROACH PORTFOLIO COLLECTION TIME LINE DESCRIPTIVE WORDS FOR RECORDING OBSERVABLE BEHAVIORS REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS