SDI Convergence - Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association

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Figure 1: Examples of IMGeo data (courtesy of municipality of Almere) and TOP10NL data (courtesy of Kadaster). IMGeo roads TOP10NL roads shown transparently on top of IMGeo roads. This shows that TOP10NL roads cover smaller areas than IMGeo roads IMGeo test data TOP10NL data Another important difference to be solved for integration are the different values for terrain type (also shown in Table 3). None of the twelve IMGeo types has exactly the same label as one of the nineteen TOP10NL types. A few types are presumably the same (grass and grass-land; ‘nature and landscape’ and heather). In addition IMGeo contains coarser classifications for two types of terrain: forest and green object (see Table 3). A last difference in terrain types worth mentioning is ‘built-up’ area in TOP10NL to identify terrain on which buildings are located. Since buildings cause a gap in the terrain (see Table 1), IMGeo does not have ‘built-up’ terrain. A last noticeable example of slightly different attribute values (not shown in Table 3) are Layout Element types. Of the eighty identified types in both models, only nine have exactly the same name, examples are tree, hedge, wall, and sign post. Ten types that differ in name presumably model the same concept, examples are road closing (TOP10NL) and barrier (IMGeo); hectometer stone (IMGeo) and milestone (TOP10NL). All other 60 types cannot be mapped. The IMGeo types are mainly originating from the utility sector or required for the management of public area. The TOP10NL types are needed for orientation or are related to Defense (the original application domain of TOP10vector). 95
96 Table 3: Slightly different attributes and attribute values pointing at same concepts. Concept Paving Railway types Terrain type IMGeo TOP10NL Class Attribute Value Class Attribute Value Part Of Road Terrain Rail Railway Terrain typeOfPaving typeofRail typeofRailway typePartOfTerrain closed pavement open pavement unpaved crane, metro, tram, train, fast tram/lightrail crane, metro, tram, train metro, fast tram/lightrail, railway verge, to be defined forest grass nature and landscape culture land other green object industrial terrain uncultivated terrain courtyard area with plants recreational area sport terrain embankment 2.5 Different classes for same concepts Part Of Road Railway Terrain pavingType typeofRailway landUseType paved unpaved partially paved unknown mixed metro tram train mixed forest brushwood deciduous wood coniferous wood grassy area heather arable land orchard tree cultivation poplar graveyard graveyard in forest jetty sloped stones built-up area fruit cultivation loading bay area for railway sand Several concepts are modelled with different classes, as shown in Table 4. An example is the concept ‘verge’ which is terrain of type ‘grass’ in TOP10NL and a specific type of road in IMGeo. Another example are sport area, recreational area and industrial area. These are considered Terrain in IMGeo and Functional Area, i.e. a collection of objects of different classes, in TOP10NL. Lastly, Engineering Structure is a specific class to model infrastructural structures such as viaducts, bridges, locks and dams in IMGeo. In TOP10NL these objects are modelled as a specific type of infrastructural objects (PartOfWater, PartOfRailway or PartOfRoad) or as a Layout Element.
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GSDI Global Spatial Data Infrastruc
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SDI Convergence Research, Emerging
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Table of Contents Foreword vii Peer
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Foreword This book is the result of
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Spatial Data Infrastructure Converg
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SDIs are not for free, and thus nee
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gional level specific and complete
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management issues. They do not foll
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esses (scenario 5b in Figure 1) req
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implements the SDI concept. INSPIRE
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cluded. Map functions refer to pop-
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The toolbar at the top of the map a
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18 Figure 5: Technical implementati
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Development and Deployment of a Ser
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the development of the services off
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Web Applications Services Aplicatio
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Figure 2: ISO 19119 elements for se
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means of their capabilities informa
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- Column Nr_dc (and its associated
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Nebert D., Whiteside A. and P. Vret
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of the four essential parts of a su
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2.1.2 ICT standards web services Fo
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model (see Figure 3). The four comp
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4. FINANCIAL MODELS 4.1 Cost models
Page 53 and 54: 5. Hybrid models: These are models
Page 55 and 56: 4.4 Price strategies Apart from the
Page 57 and 58: 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 59 and 60: MICUS Management Consulting GmbH (2
Page 62 and 63: Standard Licences for Geographic In
Page 64 and 65: 3. PHASE I: EUROPEAN CONTEXT AND AC
Page 66 and 67: The reuse of public sector informat
Page 68 and 69: (c) free copies or privileged acces
Page 70 and 71: The ‘Guidelines on the use of geo
Page 72 and 73: Legal Simcity; Legislative Maps and
Page 74 and 75: Figure 1: Result set showing protec
Page 76 and 77: Figure 3: Detailed text-to-map retr
Page 78 and 79: (Simple Knowledge Organization Syst
Page 80 and 81: Legal Atlas approach, except for pe
Page 82 and 83: Furthermore, we pointed out that th
Page 84 and 85: Power and Privacy: the Use of LBS i
Page 86 and 87: for these needs by increasing the q
Page 88 and 89: TARGET [citizen(s)] 3.2.2 Citizens
Page 90 and 91: tionship with the citizen-subject.
Page 92 and 93: 4.4 European case law 4.4.1 Rotaru
Page 94 and 95: Without prejudice to the general da
Page 96: Taylor, J.A., A.M.B. Lips and J. Or
Page 99 and 100: these datasets. Afflerbach et al. (
Page 101 and 102: gration can be realised. This secti
Page 103: 94 Table 2: Main classes in NEN3610
Page 107 and 108: grassy area in TOP10NL data (right)
Page 109 and 110: Figure 3: IMGeo roads (a) and TOP10
Page 111 and 112: 3.2 Recommendations for integrating
Page 113 and 114: Figure 7: Modelling sport area as B
Page 115 and 116: Stoter, J.E., Morales, J.M., Lemmen
Page 117 and 118: SDI. This evaluation, as well as an
Page 119 and 120: ConsultCo now executes their geocod
Page 121 and 122: 4.1 The Catalogue 112 Figure 2: Obj
Page 123 and 124: 114 Figure 3: The address data cata
Page 125 and 126: multiple data services or resources
Page 127 and 128: 6. CONCLUSION We presented a scenar
Page 129 and 130: OGC OGF (2007). Memorandum of Under
Page 131 and 132: the identification, the extent, the
Page 133 and 134: integration of metadata and spatial
Page 135 and 136: 126 Category Criteria Technical Sta
Page 137 and 138: cords as required. The application
Page 139 and 140: element in the metadata record. Thi
Page 141 and 142: 132 Category Criteria Technical Sta
Page 143 and 144: MET designers should focus greatly
Page 145 and 146: 136
Page 147 and 148: lative effects of activities on the
Page 149 and 150: fication both of data and models. T
Page 151 and 152: study described in the next section
Page 153 and 154: tionality. Themes are ‘map view
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146 Figure 5: Registration screen f
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As the research progresses more fee
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Pettit, C., W. Cartwright, I. D. Bi
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Over the last few years, important
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- the Regional Topographic Database
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- the attributes of each of these t
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5. METADATA MANAGER For metadata cr
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160
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In the business management literatu
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To use this strategy, effective con
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whether the financial support is fr
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pation and control of their own qua
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With respect to this description, t
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Huarng, F. and Y.T. Chen (2002). Re
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174
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(GPS) devices have changed the natu
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equired to know which properties th
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The first phase of the EcoGeo Proje
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Adding a ne w organisation in the p
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6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK The
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Goodchild, M. (1995). “Geographic
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188
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2. APPLICATION OF SPATIAL INFORMATI
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a set of simple tools and applicati
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Russia is just at the beginning in
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to explore appropriate services for
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Nevertheless it can be stated that,
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REFERENCES Abdulharis, R., van Loen
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Brazil http://www.gisdevelopment.ne
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204
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vertical integration of multiple le
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went from being “nice to have”
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Approximately 59% of LGAs indicated
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Variables 212 Table 2: Variables th
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5. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR
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Giff, G. (2006). "The value of perf
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Warnest, M., A. Rajabifard and I.P.
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programme. Nevertheless the term 'S
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This distinction is also reflected
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several decades or more. In essence
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to play a larger part in the develo
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Masser, I. (2005). GIS Worlds: crea
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Studies of cooperation as a subject
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232 Figure 1: The ‘SDI-based netw
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Questions of SDI are strongly integ
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This leads to the conclusion that w
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Brunsson, N. (2006). The organizati
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However, current SDI design focuses
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242 Figure 1: Marine and coastal ma
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244 Figure 3: Issues and challenges
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emerged in response to a global rea
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The OGC/TC 211 implementation speci
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Results from European Spatial Data
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Nebert , D.D. (ed.) (2004). Develop
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The article begins by outlining the
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4. INITIAL RESPONSES TO THE RRRs CH
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cluded a qualitative and quantitati
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As an example the ‘Spatial and Te
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Dale, P., and McLaughlin, J.D. (198
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Van Oosterom, P.J.M., Lemmen, C.H.J
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each stakeholder can access, use, a
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elow (Rajabifard et al., 2003a). Ho
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3.3 Evolution Theory and SDI Evolut
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spread of a new idea from its sourc
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institutional complexities. This is
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with existing institutional arrange
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Hofstede, G. and G.J. Hofstede (200
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