SDI Convergence - Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association
SDI Convergence - Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association
SDI Convergence - Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
lative effects of activities on the landscape. <strong>Spatial</strong>ly explicit models which rely on such<br />
common parameters as magnitude, frequency and extent are used extensively to simulate<br />
potential change, highlight patterns and identify critical impacts such as habitat<br />
fragmentation, dry land salinity and soil erosion within agricultural areas.<br />
Models can help in understanding the impacts of changes in climate, highlighting at-risk<br />
portions of the natural environment and immediate threats to agriculture. For example,<br />
the current dry period (below average rainfall over the last 12 years across south eastern<br />
Australia) places significant pressure on limited water resources. The application of<br />
water balance models in specific catchments is recognized as crucial in protecting<br />
those resources (Boughton, 2005; Ranatunga et al., 2008). Furthermore the impact on<br />
the environment is felt when wildfires race through communities and forests alike due<br />
to the prolonged drying effect on the land. Review studies highlight the need to develop<br />
search and discovery systems to locate each model instance, the data used and its<br />
spatial/temporal extents.<br />
The MIKE prototype has been populated with a number of land use change and impact<br />
models as reported by (Nichol et al., 2005). Many of these models have been applied<br />
in Victoria to better understand: adaptive management of native vegetation, rural land<br />
use change, groundwater dependencies and socio-economic conditions. These research<br />
methodologies and results are only accessible via a recent published volume on<br />
spatial models for natural resource management and planning (Pettit et al., 2008). This<br />
typically is how models and model outputs are shared within the modelling community.<br />
The outputs from a number of land use change and impact model also make their way<br />
into Government reports which are accessible via planners and decision-makers. This<br />
raises all kinds of issues around discoverability, reuse of models and model outputs.<br />
Thus, the fundamental question our research endeavours to address is: how can the<br />
plethora of models for understanding land use change and impact be made more accessible<br />
to end users? We believe the key lies in model metadata, a term which refers<br />
to ‘data about models’. This article concludes by outlining on-going research in designing<br />
a methodology for evaluating the MIKE prototype and identifying future research<br />
priorities.<br />
2. METADATA A CRITICAL COMPONENT TO <strong>SDI</strong><br />
<strong>Spatial</strong> <strong>Data</strong> <strong>Infrastructure</strong>s are platforms that facilitate a wide variety of users to access<br />
data in an easy and secure manner, assist stakeholders to cooperate and enable<br />
interaction with spatial technologies in more cost effective ways (Rajabifard 2002).<br />
<strong>SDI</strong>s can be characterized by their sphere or scale of influence. Rajabifard (2002) describes<br />
5 levels of <strong>SDI</strong> hierarchy based on local, state, national, regional and global<br />
scales. In this context the MIKE aligns more strongly in respective order at the state,<br />
local and national scales. The use of metadata is a critical component within an <strong>SDI</strong>.<br />
While the application of a variety of standards provides commonality underpinning a<br />
reliable <strong>SDI</strong> it is the metadata content within the system that delivers the ‘contextual<br />
intelligence’ required to support the diversity of data and applications utilizing the infrastructure.<br />
There are a number of research initiatives both nationally in Australia such as<br />
the <strong>Data</strong>set Acquisition Accessibility and Annotation e-Research Technologies (DART)<br />
(see Website 1) and Australian Research Repositories Online to the World (ARCHER)<br />
(see Website 2) projects and the international <strong>Infrastructure</strong> for <strong>Spatial</strong> Information in<br />
Europe (INSPIRE, 2003) that are investigating development of <strong>SDI</strong>’s and their inherent<br />
metadata components. Additionally projects such as the Science Collaboration Environment<br />
for New Zealand Grid (SCENZ-GRID, 2008) are beginning to combine spatial<br />
138