SDI Convergence - Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association

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– Column Nr_dc (and its associated percentage) under the “Duplicate cases” header counts the number of records that had been introduced twice. As a conclusion from the analysis of the figures in this table, we have detected some typical problems to solve while working with services catalogs. Firstly, information becomes rapidly out-of-date: 17.61% of service URLs included in the service directory was not valid anymore. Secondly, interoperability problems between different versions of OGC services persist: 18.5 % of automatically created metadata records were re- viewed manually because their capabilities response could not be parsed. Thirdly, there is no control about duplicates: 6.57% of original service descriptions had been introduced twice (but with slight differences). The advantage of using a services catalog with respect to a static directory is that it is easier to establish an automatic mechanism to report these problems. 5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK This work has presented the development and deployment of a first prototype of Services Catalog in the SDI of Spain, replacing the static content offered until now by IDEE under the name of services directory. Thanks to this new prototype, it is possible to provide online services such as metadata creation, dynamic indexing and metadata search, as well as the connection with generic clients, which allow verifying the correct operation of services. Thanks to the upload of metadata in the services catalog using the content of the original static service directory, we have detected some problems that could be common to other SDI initiatives: information becomes rapidly out-of-date (it is difficult to maintain service URLs up-to-date); interoperability problems between different versions of OGC services persist (capabilities responses are still very heterogeneous); and there is little control about duplicates. Although the use of a services catalog does not solve these problems directly, it is easier to establish an automatic mechanism to report these problems and mark the records that are not valid at the moment. Additionally, we must remark the low quality, in general, of the metadata that are usually found as a response to the getCapabilities request of OGC-compliant services. For instance, most of these metadata do not even contain a citation to the organisation that has set up the service on the internet. As further lines of this work, we plan to integrate more generic clients to facilitate the online connection with other service types apart from WMS services. Currently, the connection with OGC-compliant catalogs through generic CSW clients is being developed. With respect to the automatic metadata generation, we also plan to infer more metadata elements from the information contained in a capabilities response. For instance, we expect to infer the extent of a WMS from the bounding box of the map layers provided by this service. Last, new functionalities of the application have been proposed to facilitate the monitoring of the services registered in the catalog. In summary, we think that Services Catalogs will constitute a key element for SDI development. They are essential to facilitate the reusability of services, and in the future, they will probably receive more requests than the data catalogs. We must not forget that if SDIs are based on a Service Oriented Architecture, the services are the basic concept around which an SDI will be conceived and structured. Therefore, the Services Catalogs will play the main role in the exploitation of SDIs. 31
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work has been partially supported by the Spanish government through the projects “España Virtual” (ref. CENIT 2008-1030) and TIN2007-65341; the National Geo- graphic Institute of Spain (IGN); and GeoSpatiumLab S.L. REFERENCES Booth D., Haas H., McCabe F., Newcomer E., Champion M., Ferris C. and D. Orchard (eds.) (2004). Web Services Architecture. W3C, W3C Working Group Note 11 February 2004, at: http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/NOTE-ws-arch-20040211/. Doyle A. and C. Reed (ed.) (2001). Introduction to OGC Web Services. An OGC® White Paper, Open Geospatial Consortium Inc., at: http://portal.opengeospatial. org/files/?artifact_id=14973. EC (2007). Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007 establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE). European Commission (EC), Official Journal of the European Union, at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L: 2007:108:0001:0014:EN:PDF. EC (2008a). Commission Regulation (EC) No 1205/2008 of 3 December 2008 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards metadata (Text with EEA relevance), at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUri Serv/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:326:0012:0030:EN:PDF. EC (2008b). INSPIRE Metadata Implementing Rules: Technical Guidelines based on EN ISO 19115 and EN ISO 19119, v. 1.0. European Commission (EC), Joint Research Centre, at: http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reports/ImplementingRules/meta data/MD_IR_and_ISO_20081219.pdf. Haas H. and A. Brown (eds.) (2004). Web Services Glossary. W3C, W3C Working Group Note 11 February 2004, at: http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/NOTE-ws-gloss- 20040211/. ISO (2003a). Geographic information - Metadata. ISO 19115:2003. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO (2003b). Information and documentation - The Dublin Core metadata element set. ISO 15836:2003. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO (2005). Geographic information - Services. ISO 19119:2005. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO (2007). Geographic information - Metadata - XML schema implementation. ISO/TS 19139:2007. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Lieberman J. (2003). OpenGIS Web Services Architecture. OpenGIS Discussion Paper OGC 03-025. Open Geospatial Consortium Inc., at: http://portal.opengeospatial. org/files/?artifact_id=1320. Martell R. (ed.) (2007). CSW-ebRIM Registry Service - Part 1: ebRIM profile of CSW (Version: 1.0.0). OGC 07-110r2, Open Geospatial Consortium Inc., at: http:// portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=27092. Nebert D. (ed.) (2004). Developing Spatial Data Infrastructures: The SDI Cookbook v.2.0. Global Spatial Data Infrastructure, at: http://www.gsdi.org. 32
Page 1 and 2: GSDI Global Spatial Data Infrastruc
Page 4 and 5: SDI Convergence Research, Emerging
Page 6 and 7: Table of Contents Foreword vii Peer
Page 8 and 9: Foreword This book is the result of
Page 10 and 11: Spatial Data Infrastructure Converg
Page 12 and 13: SDIs are not for free, and thus nee
Page 14 and 15: gional level specific and complete
Page 16: management issues. They do not foll
Page 19 and 20: esses (scenario 5b in Figure 1) req
Page 21 and 22: implements the SDI concept. INSPIRE
Page 23 and 24: cluded. Map functions refer to pop-
Page 25 and 26: The toolbar at the top of the map a
Page 27 and 28: 18 Figure 5: Technical implementati
Page 30 and 31: Development and Deployment of a Ser
Page 32 and 33: the development of the services off
Page 34 and 35: Web Applications Services Aplicatio
Page 36 and 37: Figure 2: ISO 19119 elements for se
Page 38 and 39: means of their capabilities informa
Page 42: Nebert D., Whiteside A. and P. Vret
Page 45 and 46: of the four essential parts of a su
Page 47 and 48: 2.1.2 ICT standards web services Fo
Page 49 and 50: model (see Figure 3). The four comp
Page 51 and 52: 4. FINANCIAL MODELS 4.1 Cost models
Page 53 and 54: 5. Hybrid models: These are models
Page 55 and 56: 4.4 Price strategies Apart from the
Page 57 and 58: 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 59 and 60: MICUS Management Consulting GmbH (2
Page 62 and 63: Standard Licences for Geographic In
Page 64 and 65: 3. PHASE I: EUROPEAN CONTEXT AND AC
Page 66 and 67: The reuse of public sector informat
Page 68 and 69: (c) free copies or privileged acces
Page 70 and 71: The ‘Guidelines on the use of geo
Page 72 and 73: Legal Simcity; Legislative Maps and
Page 74 and 75: Figure 1: Result set showing protec
Page 76 and 77: Figure 3: Detailed text-to-map retr
Page 78 and 79: (Simple Knowledge Organization Syst
Page 80 and 81: Legal Atlas approach, except for pe
Page 82 and 83: Furthermore, we pointed out that th
Page 84 and 85: Power and Privacy: the Use of LBS i
Page 86 and 87: for these needs by increasing the q
Page 88 and 89: TARGET [citizen(s)] 3.2.2 Citizens
Page 90 and 91:
tionship with the citizen-subject.
Page 92 and 93:
4.4 European case law 4.4.1 Rotaru
Page 94 and 95:
Without prejudice to the general da
Page 96:
Taylor, J.A., A.M.B. Lips and J. Or
Page 99 and 100:
these datasets. Afflerbach et al. (
Page 101 and 102:
gration can be realised. This secti
Page 103 and 104:
94 Table 2: Main classes in NEN3610
Page 105 and 106:
96 Table 3: Slightly different attr
Page 107 and 108:
grassy area in TOP10NL data (right)
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 3: IMGeo roads (a) and TOP10
Page 111 and 112:
3.2 Recommendations for integrating
Page 113 and 114:
Figure 7: Modelling sport area as B
Page 115 and 116:
Stoter, J.E., Morales, J.M., Lemmen
Page 117 and 118:
SDI. This evaluation, as well as an
Page 119 and 120:
ConsultCo now executes their geocod
Page 121 and 122:
4.1 The Catalogue 112 Figure 2: Obj
Page 123 and 124:
114 Figure 3: The address data cata
Page 125 and 126:
multiple data services or resources
Page 127 and 128:
6. CONCLUSION We presented a scenar
Page 129 and 130:
OGC OGF (2007). Memorandum of Under
Page 131 and 132:
the identification, the extent, the
Page 133 and 134:
integration of metadata and spatial
Page 135 and 136:
126 Category Criteria Technical Sta
Page 137 and 138:
cords as required. The application
Page 139 and 140:
element in the metadata record. Thi
Page 141 and 142:
132 Category Criteria Technical Sta
Page 143 and 144:
MET designers should focus greatly
Page 145 and 146:
136
Page 147 and 148:
lative effects of activities on the
Page 149 and 150:
fication both of data and models. T
Page 151 and 152:
study described in the next section
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tionality. Themes are ‘map view
Page 155 and 156:
146 Figure 5: Registration screen f
Page 157 and 158:
As the research progresses more fee
Page 159 and 160:
Pettit, C., W. Cartwright, I. D. Bi
Page 161 and 162:
Over the last few years, important
Page 163 and 164:
- the Regional Topographic Database
Page 165 and 166:
- the attributes of each of these t
Page 167 and 168:
5. METADATA MANAGER For metadata cr
Page 169 and 170:
160
Page 171 and 172:
In the business management literatu
Page 173 and 174:
To use this strategy, effective con
Page 175 and 176:
whether the financial support is fr
Page 177 and 178:
pation and control of their own qua
Page 179 and 180:
With respect to this description, t
Page 181 and 182:
Huarng, F. and Y.T. Chen (2002). Re
Page 183 and 184:
174
Page 185 and 186:
(GPS) devices have changed the natu
Page 187 and 188:
equired to know which properties th
Page 189 and 190:
The first phase of the EcoGeo Proje
Page 191 and 192:
Adding a ne w organisation in the p
Page 193 and 194:
6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK The
Page 195 and 196:
Goodchild, M. (1995). “Geographic
Page 197 and 198:
188
Page 199 and 200:
2. APPLICATION OF SPATIAL INFORMATI
Page 201 and 202:
a set of simple tools and applicati
Page 203 and 204:
Russia is just at the beginning in
Page 205 and 206:
to explore appropriate services for
Page 207 and 208:
Nevertheless it can be stated that,
Page 209 and 210:
REFERENCES Abdulharis, R., van Loen
Page 211 and 212:
Brazil http://www.gisdevelopment.ne
Page 213 and 214:
204
Page 215 and 216:
vertical integration of multiple le
Page 217 and 218:
went from being “nice to have”
Page 219 and 220:
Approximately 59% of LGAs indicated
Page 221 and 222:
Variables 212 Table 2: Variables th
Page 223 and 224:
5. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR
Page 225 and 226:
Giff, G. (2006). "The value of perf
Page 227 and 228:
Warnest, M., A. Rajabifard and I.P.
Page 229 and 230:
programme. Nevertheless the term 'S
Page 231 and 232:
This distinction is also reflected
Page 233 and 234:
several decades or more. In essence
Page 235 and 236:
to play a larger part in the develo
Page 237 and 238:
Masser, I. (2005). GIS Worlds: crea
Page 239 and 240:
Studies of cooperation as a subject
Page 241 and 242:
232 Figure 1: The ‘SDI-based netw
Page 243 and 244:
Questions of SDI are strongly integ
Page 245 and 246:
This leads to the conclusion that w
Page 247 and 248:
Brunsson, N. (2006). The organizati
Page 249 and 250:
However, current SDI design focuses
Page 251 and 252:
242 Figure 1: Marine and coastal ma
Page 253 and 254:
244 Figure 3: Issues and challenges
Page 255 and 256:
emerged in response to a global rea
Page 257 and 258:
The OGC/TC 211 implementation speci
Page 259 and 260:
Results from European Spatial Data
Page 261 and 262:
Nebert , D.D. (ed.) (2004). Develop
Page 263 and 264:
The article begins by outlining the
Page 265 and 266:
4. INITIAL RESPONSES TO THE RRRs CH
Page 267 and 268:
cluded a qualitative and quantitati
Page 269 and 270:
As an example the ‘Spatial and Te
Page 271 and 272:
Dale, P., and McLaughlin, J.D. (198
Page 273 and 274:
Van Oosterom, P.J.M., Lemmen, C.H.J
Page 275 and 276:
each stakeholder can access, use, a
Page 277 and 278:
elow (Rajabifard et al., 2003a). Ho
Page 279 and 280:
3.3 Evolution Theory and SDI Evolut
Page 281 and 282:
spread of a new idea from its sourc
Page 283 and 284:
institutional complexities. This is
Page 285 and 286:
with existing institutional arrange
Page 287 and 288:
Hofstede, G. and G.J. Hofstede (200
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