SDI Convergence - Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association
SDI Convergence - Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association
SDI Convergence - Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association
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cause changes in Dutch and regional legislation. Therefore, INSPIRE may well be one<br />
of the directives with the highest impact on local and provincial authorities.<br />
9. CONCLUSIONS<br />
This article described three prototypes that have been iteratively built and have resulted<br />
in the current Legal Atlas approach. Legal Atlas seems to offer the required supporting<br />
environment fulfilling a clear need of those public authorities that govern complex<br />
issues that require a participative policy- and decision-making strategy aimed at<br />
conflict resolution rather than polarisation.<br />
The participative and iterative building approach of Legal Atlas has resulted in a series<br />
of working prototypes that could be tested in settings that are similar to the problem<br />
areas involving the stakeholders working on those problems. This practice-oriented design<br />
and development approach resulted in a useful solution; something that probably<br />
would have been much harder if we would have limited ourselves to traditional requirements<br />
oriented design methods. The participative design method we have chosen<br />
made it possible to better understand user needs and helped us to develop a effective<br />
Legal Map oriented solution.<br />
We have highlighted problems based on INSPIRE impact research among Dutch provinces.<br />
The most important problem concerns the harmonisation of calculation methods<br />
of indicators. We showed that we succeeded to build a tool that now becomes part of<br />
the core business of the province of Flevoland. It enables further query articulation and<br />
precision for citizens and businesses that seek negotiation space, opportunities and<br />
problems while the political decision process is underway.<br />
This article described an interaction approach similar to the one used in the well-known<br />
Simcity game. This allows users to detect easily the negotiation space in conflicts of<br />
interests in complex policy- and decision-making processes.<br />
Despite the fact that our research already shows a solution for handling the complexity<br />
caused by legal pluralism, one could argue that this approach is limited to much ruleoriented<br />
spatial planning problems that are typical for small countries like the Netherlands.<br />
We argue that the need for weighing and balancing various interests in densely<br />
populated regions such as the Netherlands may be higher than in less populated regions,<br />
but this weighing and balancing is essential for and core to the rule of law and<br />
our approach may very well be beneficial to other countries.<br />
It should be stressed that although most of our tests have been conducted in the domain<br />
of spatial planning our approach can also be applied to other legal domains. All<br />
laws have a jurisdiction and are consequently location bound. While a legislative maps<br />
approach has advantages in the domain of spatial planning it is not limited to that domain.<br />
<strong>Spatial</strong> planning is an area where many different interests have to be weighed<br />
and balanced, like many other areas. It for the same reasons neither is typically suited<br />
for dense regions or countries like the Netherlands. Every regulation has location related<br />
elements if only jurisdiction and many problems that require legal reasoning require<br />
a smart combination of legal sources, constraint satisfaction and conflict resolution.<br />
It is also true that not just spatial regulations require other that text based representations<br />
and combining non-textual representation with textual legal sources can be<br />
realized using exactly the technology demonstrated here.<br />
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