SDI Convergence - Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association

More documents

Recommendations

Info

A critical problem for metadata collection applications is flexibility. A metadata application must be sufficiently flexible to cope with changes to metadata standards over time and to allow users to extend a standard to cope with local requirements (Waugh, 1998). Also, a key component of supporting flexible metadata applications is user friendliness which can facilitate metadata entry and update. Overall, the challenge of developing a right metadata entry tool (MET) lies in the structured arrangement of a substantial number of different disciplines and the examination of a large number of factors and issues that are discussed below. In order to develop a MET, this article categorised the criteria into four main groups including technical requirement, compliance with international standards, user friendly interface and finally availability of necessary functions for handling metadata records. 2.1 Technical requirements Consideration of technical criteria includes ensuring proper technology development with easy deployment and an efficient database technology to support accessing and maintaining metadata. Technical criteria also should consider the outlay of a MET with a low cost and low risk. 2.1.1 Development technology There are generally two options for the development of a MET: (1) standalone and (2) web based. As an entry tool a MET is not necessarily required to be a web based application. However, for integration in online search engines, spatial clearinghouses, web base spatial libraries and web mapping systems, a web based development technology will have a better position comparing standalone technologies. Also using a web based technology the tool can be available any time and any where for different range of users. Meanwhile, the Web places some specific constraints on the development of METs such as the ability to deal with a variety of protocols and formats (e.g. graphics) and programming tasks; performance in terms of speed and size of communication; safety; platform independence; protection of intellectual property; and the basic ability to deal with other Web tools and languages. The web based approach can be helpful for integration of spatial data and metadata which are distributed over the network. 2.1.2 Database Connection Technology Database Connection Technology provides the connection between a MET and a spatial metadata database. The connection means a link having a formal and published definition for communication in order to record, edit and retrieve metadata. This definition identifies the interface that MET must use to issue query and receive database content through the link. In this regard, when choosing a MET, the first consideration is the type of databases that the metadata is stored in. Based on the type of database technology, a proper connection technology can be chosen. For instance, Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) and Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) are important technologies as they are available on many disparate platforms and they provide common interfaces to several different database products (Shekhar and Chawla, 2003). More importantly for the 123
integration of metadata and spatial data a comprehensive seamless data should be developed. 2.1.3 Robust code For further development, when preparing an open source MET, having robust code is essential. Robust coding is a style of programming that prevents abnormal termination or unexpected actions. A robust coded software is easy to follow, well commented, well tested, well-named, has good error messages and can be easily maintained and, if necessary, modified. However this criterion is not applicable when choosing proprietary software with metadata entry facilities. 2.1.4 Easy deployment When installing a MET, the general deployment process consists of several interrelated activities and transitions between them. With this in mind that every software system is unique, a complete and easy deployment process for a MET should at least include release, installation, activation, deactivation, adaptation and un-installation. 2.1.5 Open source or freeware software A vendor independent open source modular coding, and, to a lesser extent, freeware, can enable ease of adapting a MET and of future development. For preference, the language should be of an industry standard to match available skills that can be purchased cost effectively from the market place. Similar to the robust code criterion, this factor is not applicable for proprietary software. 2.1.6 Standards The MET must support international metadata standards that support spatial metadata such as Dublin Core Metadata Standard or ISO 19115:2003 Geographic information – Metadata elements whether core, conditional, mandatory or optional. Besides, the tool should support the implementation of the metadata standards such as ISO 19139:2006, Geographic information – Metadata – XML schema implementation (Moellering et al., 2005). 2.1.7 User friendly interface Ease of use in a MET includes ensuring consideration of providing an intuitive, simple and familiar user interface to perform the necessary functions and applications. The familiar interfaces would help to hide some very complex operations and provide good navigation logic. The navigation logic should enable novice, ‘low-end’ users to easily find their way around. The interface should enable novice low-end users to easily create and edit metadata records. This includes consideration of operational and navigational design, graphical and visual design, help information and assistance, the process of entering, editing and retrieving metadata records, and finally technical issues such as response and navigation speed. 124
Page 1 and 2:
GSDI Global Spatial Data Infrastruc
Page 4 and 5:
SDI Convergence Research, Emerging
Page 6 and 7:
Table of Contents Foreword vii Peer
Page 8 and 9:
Foreword This book is the result of
Page 10 and 11:
Spatial Data Infrastructure Converg
Page 12 and 13:
SDIs are not for free, and thus nee
Page 14 and 15:
gional level specific and complete
Page 16:
management issues. They do not foll
Page 19 and 20:
esses (scenario 5b in Figure 1) req
Page 21 and 22:
implements the SDI concept. INSPIRE
Page 23 and 24:
cluded. Map functions refer to pop-
Page 25 and 26:
The toolbar at the top of the map a
Page 27 and 28:
18 Figure 5: Technical implementati
Page 30 and 31:
Development and Deployment of a Ser
Page 32 and 33:
the development of the services off
Page 34 and 35:
Web Applications Services Aplicatio
Page 36 and 37:
Figure 2: ISO 19119 elements for se
Page 38 and 39:
means of their capabilities informa
Page 40 and 41:
- Column Nr_dc (and its associated
Page 42:
Nebert D., Whiteside A. and P. Vret
Page 45 and 46:
of the four essential parts of a su
Page 47 and 48:
2.1.2 ICT standards web services Fo
Page 49 and 50:
model (see Figure 3). The four comp
Page 51 and 52:
4. FINANCIAL MODELS 4.1 Cost models
Page 53 and 54:
5. Hybrid models: These are models
Page 55 and 56:
4.4 Price strategies Apart from the
Page 57 and 58:
6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 59 and 60:
MICUS Management Consulting GmbH (2
Page 62 and 63:
Standard Licences for Geographic In
Page 64 and 65:
3. PHASE I: EUROPEAN CONTEXT AND AC
Page 66 and 67:
The reuse of public sector informat
Page 68 and 69:
(c) free copies or privileged acces
Page 70 and 71:
The ‘Guidelines on the use of geo
Page 72 and 73:
Legal Simcity; Legislative Maps and
Page 74 and 75:
Figure 1: Result set showing protec
Page 76 and 77:
Figure 3: Detailed text-to-map retr
Page 78 and 79:
(Simple Knowledge Organization Syst
Page 80 and 81:
Legal Atlas approach, except for pe
Page 82 and 83: Furthermore, we pointed out that th
Page 84 and 85: Power and Privacy: the Use of LBS i
Page 86 and 87: for these needs by increasing the q
Page 88 and 89: TARGET [citizen(s)] 3.2.2 Citizens
Page 90 and 91: tionship with the citizen-subject.
Page 92 and 93: 4.4 European case law 4.4.1 Rotaru
Page 94 and 95: Without prejudice to the general da
Page 96: Taylor, J.A., A.M.B. Lips and J. Or
Page 99 and 100: these datasets. Afflerbach et al. (
Page 101 and 102: gration can be realised. This secti
Page 103 and 104: 94 Table 2: Main classes in NEN3610
Page 105 and 106: 96 Table 3: Slightly different attr
Page 107 and 108: grassy area in TOP10NL data (right)
Page 109 and 110: Figure 3: IMGeo roads (a) and TOP10
Page 111 and 112: 3.2 Recommendations for integrating
Page 113 and 114: Figure 7: Modelling sport area as B
Page 115 and 116: Stoter, J.E., Morales, J.M., Lemmen
Page 117 and 118: SDI. This evaluation, as well as an
Page 119 and 120: ConsultCo now executes their geocod
Page 121 and 122: 4.1 The Catalogue 112 Figure 2: Obj
Page 123 and 124: 114 Figure 3: The address data cata
Page 125 and 126: multiple data services or resources
Page 127 and 128: 6. CONCLUSION We presented a scenar
Page 129 and 130: OGC OGF (2007). Memorandum of Under
Page 131: the identification, the extent, the
Page 135 and 136: 126 Category Criteria Technical Sta
Page 137 and 138: cords as required. The application
Page 139 and 140: element in the metadata record. Thi
Page 141 and 142: 132 Category Criteria Technical Sta
Page 143 and 144: MET designers should focus greatly
Page 145 and 146: 136
Page 147 and 148: lative effects of activities on the
Page 149 and 150: fication both of data and models. T
Page 151 and 152: study described in the next section
Page 153 and 154: tionality. Themes are ‘map view
Page 155 and 156: 146 Figure 5: Registration screen f
Page 157 and 158: As the research progresses more fee
Page 159 and 160: Pettit, C., W. Cartwright, I. D. Bi
Page 161 and 162: Over the last few years, important
Page 163 and 164: - the Regional Topographic Database
Page 165 and 166: - the attributes of each of these t
Page 167 and 168: 5. METADATA MANAGER For metadata cr
Page 169 and 170: 160
Page 171 and 172: In the business management literatu
Page 173 and 174: To use this strategy, effective con
Page 175 and 176: whether the financial support is fr
Page 177 and 178: pation and control of their own qua
Page 179 and 180: With respect to this description, t
Page 181 and 182: Huarng, F. and Y.T. Chen (2002). Re
Page 183 and 184:
174
Page 185 and 186:
(GPS) devices have changed the natu
Page 187 and 188:
equired to know which properties th
Page 189 and 190:
The first phase of the EcoGeo Proje
Page 191 and 192:
Adding a ne w organisation in the p
Page 193 and 194:
6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK The
Page 195 and 196:
Goodchild, M. (1995). “Geographic
Page 197 and 198:
188
Page 199 and 200:
2. APPLICATION OF SPATIAL INFORMATI
Page 201 and 202:
a set of simple tools and applicati
Page 203 and 204:
Russia is just at the beginning in
Page 205 and 206:
to explore appropriate services for
Page 207 and 208:
Nevertheless it can be stated that,
Page 209 and 210:
REFERENCES Abdulharis, R., van Loen
Page 211 and 212:
Brazil http://www.gisdevelopment.ne
Page 213 and 214:
204
Page 215 and 216:
vertical integration of multiple le
Page 217 and 218:
went from being “nice to have”
Page 219 and 220:
Approximately 59% of LGAs indicated
Page 221 and 222:
Variables 212 Table 2: Variables th
Page 223 and 224:
5. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR
Page 225 and 226:
Giff, G. (2006). "The value of perf
Page 227 and 228:
Warnest, M., A. Rajabifard and I.P.
Page 229 and 230:
programme. Nevertheless the term 'S
Page 231 and 232:
This distinction is also reflected
Page 233 and 234:
several decades or more. In essence
Page 235 and 236:
to play a larger part in the develo
Page 237 and 238:
Masser, I. (2005). GIS Worlds: crea
Page 239 and 240:
Studies of cooperation as a subject
Page 241 and 242:
232 Figure 1: The ‘SDI-based netw
Page 243 and 244:
Questions of SDI are strongly integ
Page 245 and 246:
This leads to the conclusion that w
Page 247 and 248:
Brunsson, N. (2006). The organizati
Page 249 and 250:
However, current SDI design focuses
Page 251 and 252:
242 Figure 1: Marine and coastal ma
Page 253 and 254:
244 Figure 3: Issues and challenges
Page 255 and 256:
emerged in response to a global rea
Page 257 and 258:
The OGC/TC 211 implementation speci
Page 259 and 260:
Results from European Spatial Data
Page 261 and 262:
Nebert , D.D. (ed.) (2004). Develop
Page 263 and 264:
The article begins by outlining the
Page 265 and 266:
4. INITIAL RESPONSES TO THE RRRs CH
Page 267 and 268:
cluded a qualitative and quantitati
Page 269 and 270:
As an example the ‘Spatial and Te
Page 271 and 272:
Dale, P., and McLaughlin, J.D. (198
Page 273 and 274:
Van Oosterom, P.J.M., Lemmen, C.H.J
Page 275 and 276:
each stakeholder can access, use, a
Page 277 and 278:
elow (Rajabifard et al., 2003a). Ho
Page 279 and 280:
3.3 Evolution Theory and SDI Evolut
Page 281 and 282:
spread of a new idea from its sourc
Page 283 and 284:
institutional complexities. This is
Page 285 and 286:
with existing institutional arrange
Page 287 and 288:
Hofstede, G. and G.J. Hofstede (200
show all

SDI Convergence - Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?