SDI Convergence - Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Some differences are not clear from the models, but were identified by comparing the datasets. Therefore our first recommendation, before harmonising the models, is to model any information about the content and meaning of datasets that is currently not included in the domain models, e.g. acquisition rules. This allows harmonising and integrating this information as well. For example, the current TOP10NL acquisition rules state that railway banks are not measured, despite the presence of the class Railway in the model. Many differences between the information models are caused by difference in perspective (section 2.1). These different perspectives cannot easily be harmonised because they are justified by differences in objectives, source data, application domain, providers, and acquisition methods. However, the law on key registers provides potentials for harmonising some parts of the perspective. Specifically two aspects of the law enforce municipalities to inform the Kadaster about updates for TOP10NL data. The first aspect is that any user of the key register must inform the provider when (s)he notices an error. Secondly, municipalities are obliged to use the Kadaster’s TOP10NL data, updated every 2 years, instead of their self-produced 1:10k datasets, updated more frequently. To effectuate updates in TOP10NL data as soon as possible, some large municipalities will send TOP10NL updates based on their 1:10k datasets. For this purpose they are currently converting their 1:10k datasets into TOP10NL compliant datasets. This practice makes the integration issue of the two topographic datasets, i.e. IMGeo and TOP10NL, relevant within municipalities. Because not all information on the data is laid down in the TOP10NL model, TOP10NL data can be generated from a municipal perspective without violating the model. An example is that the Kadaster often assigns road areas that are too small to be area objects (smaller than 2 meters) to terrain. However, assigning these areas to neighbouring roads better supports the municipal maintenance task of public area and fits better with the definition of PartOfRoad in the TOP10NL model. Consequently municipal TOP10NL roads may cover the full construction of all IMGeo road objects which solves the differences in object demarcation of roads (section 2.3). To illustrate this, two TOP10NL road implementations, one generated by Kadaster and one generated by municipality of Rotterdam, are compared with IMGeo roads in Figure 3. Obviously this poses new research questions, since now the differences in perspective do not occur between IMGeo and TOP10NL, but within one dataset, i.e. TOP10NL. In conclusion, to solve the differences in object demarcation it is most important to make these demarcations unambiguously explicit in the models. In a next step it can be studied whether differences can be aligned and how. A first step in harmonising differences in main classes (section 2.2) is to model more specialisations (i.e. subclasses). The result will be more homogenous classes on which it is easier to agree. Figure 4 shows an example. The left part of the figure shows the current Terrain class in TOP10NL with its different attribute values for different types of terrain. Integrating IMGeo and TOP10NL requires agreeing on the concept of Terrain. The alternative modelling with subclasses for different types of terrain (Figure 4, right) requires only agreeing on the definition of types of terrain, for example, Farmland or Forest. 99
Figure 3: IMGeo roads (a) and TOP10NL implementations of roads by Kadaster (b) and municipality of Rotterdam (c). 100 a: Object oriented GBKN (source data for IMGeo) b: Kadaster TOP10NL roads c: Municipal TOP10NL roads Figure 4: Left: Terrain class in current TOP10NL model. Right: Subclasses for different types of Terrain result in homogenised classes. «FeatureType» TOP10NL::Terrain + geometry: GM_Surface + physicalAppearance: PhysicalAppearance [0..*] + heightLevel: Integer + name: CharacterString + typeOfLandUse: TypeOfLandUse «enumeration» TOP10NL:: TypeOfLandUse jetty farmland basalt bl ocks built-up area orchard tree nursery forest: mixed forest grassland sand ... «FeatureType» HarmonizedTOP10NL::Terrain + geometry: GM_Surface + physicalAppearance: PhysicalAppearance [0..*] + heightLevel: Integer + name: CharacterString Jetty Farmland BuiltUpArea Forest Orchard MixedForest Grassland BasaltBlocks TreeNursery Sand
Page 1 and 2:
GSDI Global Spatial Data Infrastruc
Page 4 and 5:
SDI Convergence Research, Emerging
Page 6 and 7:
Table of Contents Foreword vii Peer
Page 8 and 9:
Foreword This book is the result of
Page 10 and 11:
Spatial Data Infrastructure Converg
Page 12 and 13:
SDIs are not for free, and thus nee
Page 14 and 15:
gional level specific and complete
Page 16:
management issues. They do not foll
Page 19 and 20:
esses (scenario 5b in Figure 1) req
Page 21 and 22:
implements the SDI concept. INSPIRE
Page 23 and 24:
cluded. Map functions refer to pop-
Page 25 and 26:
The toolbar at the top of the map a
Page 27 and 28:
18 Figure 5: Technical implementati
Page 30 and 31:
Development and Deployment of a Ser
Page 32 and 33:
the development of the services off
Page 34 and 35:
Web Applications Services Aplicatio
Page 36 and 37:
Figure 2: ISO 19119 elements for se
Page 38 and 39:
means of their capabilities informa
Page 40 and 41:
- Column Nr_dc (and its associated
Page 42:
Nebert D., Whiteside A. and P. Vret
Page 45 and 46:
of the four essential parts of a su
Page 47 and 48:
2.1.2 ICT standards web services Fo
Page 49 and 50:
model (see Figure 3). The four comp
Page 51 and 52:
4. FINANCIAL MODELS 4.1 Cost models
Page 53 and 54:
5. Hybrid models: These are models
Page 55 and 56:
4.4 Price strategies Apart from the
Page 57 and 58: 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 59 and 60: MICUS Management Consulting GmbH (2
Page 62 and 63: Standard Licences for Geographic In
Page 64 and 65: 3. PHASE I: EUROPEAN CONTEXT AND AC
Page 66 and 67: The reuse of public sector informat
Page 68 and 69: (c) free copies or privileged acces
Page 70 and 71: The ‘Guidelines on the use of geo
Page 72 and 73: Legal Simcity; Legislative Maps and
Page 74 and 75: Figure 1: Result set showing protec
Page 76 and 77: Figure 3: Detailed text-to-map retr
Page 78 and 79: (Simple Knowledge Organization Syst
Page 80 and 81: Legal Atlas approach, except for pe
Page 82 and 83: Furthermore, we pointed out that th
Page 84 and 85: Power and Privacy: the Use of LBS i
Page 86 and 87: for these needs by increasing the q
Page 88 and 89: TARGET [citizen(s)] 3.2.2 Citizens
Page 90 and 91: tionship with the citizen-subject.
Page 92 and 93: 4.4 European case law 4.4.1 Rotaru
Page 94 and 95: Without prejudice to the general da
Page 96: Taylor, J.A., A.M.B. Lips and J. Or
Page 99 and 100: these datasets. Afflerbach et al. (
Page 101 and 102: gration can be realised. This secti
Page 103 and 104: 94 Table 2: Main classes in NEN3610
Page 105 and 106: 96 Table 3: Slightly different attr
Page 107: grassy area in TOP10NL data (right)
Page 111 and 112: 3.2 Recommendations for integrating
Page 113 and 114: Figure 7: Modelling sport area as B
Page 115 and 116: Stoter, J.E., Morales, J.M., Lemmen
Page 117 and 118: SDI. This evaluation, as well as an
Page 119 and 120: ConsultCo now executes their geocod
Page 121 and 122: 4.1 The Catalogue 112 Figure 2: Obj
Page 123 and 124: 114 Figure 3: The address data cata
Page 125 and 126: multiple data services or resources
Page 127 and 128: 6. CONCLUSION We presented a scenar
Page 129 and 130: OGC OGF (2007). Memorandum of Under
Page 131 and 132: the identification, the extent, the
Page 133 and 134: integration of metadata and spatial
Page 135 and 136: 126 Category Criteria Technical Sta
Page 137 and 138: cords as required. The application
Page 139 and 140: element in the metadata record. Thi
Page 141 and 142: 132 Category Criteria Technical Sta
Page 143 and 144: MET designers should focus greatly
Page 145 and 146: 136
Page 147 and 148: lative effects of activities on the
Page 149 and 150: fication both of data and models. T
Page 151 and 152: study described in the next section
Page 153 and 154: tionality. Themes are ‘map view
Page 155 and 156: 146 Figure 5: Registration screen f
Page 157 and 158: As the research progresses more fee
Page 159 and 160:
Pettit, C., W. Cartwright, I. D. Bi
Page 161 and 162:
Over the last few years, important
Page 163 and 164:
- the Regional Topographic Database
Page 165 and 166:
- the attributes of each of these t
Page 167 and 168:
5. METADATA MANAGER For metadata cr
Page 169 and 170:
160
Page 171 and 172:
In the business management literatu
Page 173 and 174:
To use this strategy, effective con
Page 175 and 176:
whether the financial support is fr
Page 177 and 178:
pation and control of their own qua
Page 179 and 180:
With respect to this description, t
Page 181 and 182:
Huarng, F. and Y.T. Chen (2002). Re
Page 183 and 184:
174
Page 185 and 186:
(GPS) devices have changed the natu
Page 187 and 188:
equired to know which properties th
Page 189 and 190:
The first phase of the EcoGeo Proje
Page 191 and 192:
Adding a ne w organisation in the p
Page 193 and 194:
6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK The
Page 195 and 196:
Goodchild, M. (1995). “Geographic
Page 197 and 198:
188
Page 199 and 200:
2. APPLICATION OF SPATIAL INFORMATI
Page 201 and 202:
a set of simple tools and applicati
Page 203 and 204:
Russia is just at the beginning in
Page 205 and 206:
to explore appropriate services for
Page 207 and 208:
Nevertheless it can be stated that,
Page 209 and 210:
REFERENCES Abdulharis, R., van Loen
Page 211 and 212:
Brazil http://www.gisdevelopment.ne
Page 213 and 214:
204
Page 215 and 216:
vertical integration of multiple le
Page 217 and 218:
went from being “nice to have”
Page 219 and 220:
Approximately 59% of LGAs indicated
Page 221 and 222:
Variables 212 Table 2: Variables th
Page 223 and 224:
5. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR
Page 225 and 226:
Giff, G. (2006). "The value of perf
Page 227 and 228:
Warnest, M., A. Rajabifard and I.P.
Page 229 and 230:
programme. Nevertheless the term 'S
Page 231 and 232:
This distinction is also reflected
Page 233 and 234:
several decades or more. In essence
Page 235 and 236:
to play a larger part in the develo
Page 237 and 238:
Masser, I. (2005). GIS Worlds: crea
Page 239 and 240:
Studies of cooperation as a subject
Page 241 and 242:
232 Figure 1: The ‘SDI-based netw
Page 243 and 244:
Questions of SDI are strongly integ
Page 245 and 246:
This leads to the conclusion that w
Page 247 and 248:
Brunsson, N. (2006). The organizati
Page 249 and 250:
However, current SDI design focuses
Page 251 and 252:
242 Figure 1: Marine and coastal ma
Page 253 and 254:
244 Figure 3: Issues and challenges
Page 255 and 256:
emerged in response to a global rea
Page 257 and 258:
The OGC/TC 211 implementation speci
Page 259 and 260:
Results from European Spatial Data
Page 261 and 262:
Nebert , D.D. (ed.) (2004). Develop
Page 263 and 264:
The article begins by outlining the
Page 265 and 266:
4. INITIAL RESPONSES TO THE RRRs CH
Page 267 and 268:
cluded a qualitative and quantitati
Page 269 and 270:
As an example the ‘Spatial and Te
Page 271 and 272:
Dale, P., and McLaughlin, J.D. (198
Page 273 and 274:
Van Oosterom, P.J.M., Lemmen, C.H.J
Page 275 and 276:
each stakeholder can access, use, a
Page 277 and 278:
elow (Rajabifard et al., 2003a). Ho
Page 279 and 280:
3.3 Evolution Theory and SDI Evolut
Page 281 and 282:
spread of a new idea from its sourc
Page 283 and 284:
institutional complexities. This is
Page 285 and 286:
with existing institutional arrange
Page 287 and 288:
Hofstede, G. and G.J. Hofstede (200
show all

SDI Convergence - Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?