SDI Convergence - Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association

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access to geo-referenced databases, cartographic products and related metadata from a variety of sources (Geonetwork Community, 2007). The development of GeoNetwork has been undertaken by the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) on the United Nations. It is beginning to attract attention with its adoption by a number of international programs, countries and regional SDI initiatives, including in the USA, France, Czech Republic and Hungary. GeoNetwork opensource is a standardised and decentralised spatial data management environment, designed to enable access to geo-referenced databases, cartographic products and related metadata from a variety of sources, enhancing the spatial data exchange and sharing between organisations and their audience, using the capacities of the internet. GeoNetwork comes with an internal DBMS server, the McKoi SQL database. For more than one connection to the same database, Mckoi SQL Database is a multi-threaded multi-user server. Mckoi SQL Database is an SQL Database written entirely in Java. GeoNetwork opensource has been developed to connect spatial data communities and their data using a modern architecture, which is at the same time powerful and low cost, based on the principles of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) and International and Open Standards for services and protocols (from ISO/TC211 and OGC). It supports metadata creation based on the ISO19115, FGDC and Dublin Core standards. For contact reuse and record duplication, a template can be fully customised online and can be pre-filled with repetitive content (contact information for example). Geonetwork benefits from a search index capable of handling large amounts of metadata. The indexing is build using Jakarta Lucene. The full sets of query parameters used to search the GeoNetwork catalog are also available for harvesting jobs. It provides a uniform way of searching through the metadata. Geonetwork provides a method storing and indexing of metadata in its original format. It also provides editing the different metadata standards online in default, advanced and XML mode. It is also possible access to the full set of ISO19115 and FGDC metadata elements through the generic online editor Geonetwork also has a Metadata Template system. This system allows to quickly creating new metadata entries. A template can be fully customised online and can be pre-filled with repetitive content (contact information for example). Templates can also be searched in the same way normal metadata is searched. But only editors and administrators have access to templates. Further, more templates can be created for specific user groups. Geonetwork permits import of XML formatted metadata and possible conversion of the input file through XSL transformation. It also supports batch import of XML formatted metadata and possible conversion of the input files through XSL transformation. Table 4 summarises the assessment result for Geonetwork. 3.4 Assessment result During the assessment, the aim was to observe clients using the products in an as realistic a situation as possible, to discover the effectiveness of the assessment methodology. The development of metadata applications not only should focus on technical capabilities of the tool, but also it should concentrate on usability and functionality of 131
132 Category Criteria Technical Standards User Interface Functionalities Table 4: Assessment result for Geonetwork. Web based development technology Yes Database technology and access Yes Robust Code Yes Easy Deployment Yes Open source or Freeware software Yes ISO 19115 support Yes ISO 19139 compliant XML metadata Yes Dublin Core Yes Similarity to common software Yes Intuitive navigation logic Yes Intuitive interface enabling easy creation and editing of metadata records Yes Contact reuse Yes Automatic Update No Record duplication Yes Search tools Yes Edit tools Yes Import and export tools Yes Format Conversion Yes Print Friendly layout No Help facility Yes Multi level access Yes the functions. This is often caused by pressure to develop systems based on technicians’ expectations instead of overall non-professionals’ needs. For instance, overall observation of five clients with MetaD user interface showed the tool was simply understood with them. The clients did not have too many difficulties with understanding instructions, manipulating parts, or interpreting functionalities. Another example was the user interface testing with CatMEdit, which did not uncover difficulties with learning operating and navigating in software for five clients and entering and editing metadata was a simple process, but it still seemed that CatMEdit needed improvement. With a large community supporting development of Geonetwork, clients can easily find information and assistance if needed. Geonetwork opensource enjoyed a user friendly interface to search and manage Metadata. A comprehensive metadata editor also supported its popularity among the five clients. The web based catalogue application and the integrated InterMap interactive map client application made it very attractive for clients. The tool is easy to learn and operate. As illustrated in Tables 2, 3 and 4, none of the tools has an integrated approach to handle spatial data and metadata together in a seamless database. Integration of
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GSDI Global Spatial Data Infrastruc
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SDI Convergence Research, Emerging
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Table of Contents Foreword vii Peer
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Foreword This book is the result of
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Spatial Data Infrastructure Converg
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SDIs are not for free, and thus nee
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gional level specific and complete
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management issues. They do not foll
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esses (scenario 5b in Figure 1) req
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implements the SDI concept. INSPIRE
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cluded. Map functions refer to pop-
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The toolbar at the top of the map a
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18 Figure 5: Technical implementati
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Development and Deployment of a Ser
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the development of the services off
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Web Applications Services Aplicatio
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Figure 2: ISO 19119 elements for se
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means of their capabilities informa
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- Column Nr_dc (and its associated
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Nebert D., Whiteside A. and P. Vret
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of the four essential parts of a su
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2.1.2 ICT standards web services Fo
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model (see Figure 3). The four comp
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4. FINANCIAL MODELS 4.1 Cost models
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5. Hybrid models: These are models
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4.4 Price strategies Apart from the
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6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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MICUS Management Consulting GmbH (2
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Standard Licences for Geographic In
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3. PHASE I: EUROPEAN CONTEXT AND AC
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The reuse of public sector informat
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(c) free copies or privileged acces
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The ‘Guidelines on the use of geo
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Legal Simcity; Legislative Maps and
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Figure 1: Result set showing protec
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Figure 3: Detailed text-to-map retr
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(Simple Knowledge Organization Syst
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Legal Atlas approach, except for pe
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Furthermore, we pointed out that th
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Power and Privacy: the Use of LBS i
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for these needs by increasing the q
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TARGET [citizen(s)] 3.2.2 Citizens
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Page 92 and 93: 4.4 European case law 4.4.1 Rotaru
Page 94 and 95: Without prejudice to the general da
Page 96: Taylor, J.A., A.M.B. Lips and J. Or
Page 99 and 100: these datasets. Afflerbach et al. (
Page 101 and 102: gration can be realised. This secti
Page 103 and 104: 94 Table 2: Main classes in NEN3610
Page 105 and 106: 96 Table 3: Slightly different attr
Page 107 and 108: grassy area in TOP10NL data (right)
Page 109 and 110: Figure 3: IMGeo roads (a) and TOP10
Page 111 and 112: 3.2 Recommendations for integrating
Page 113 and 114: Figure 7: Modelling sport area as B
Page 115 and 116: Stoter, J.E., Morales, J.M., Lemmen
Page 117 and 118: SDI. This evaluation, as well as an
Page 119 and 120: ConsultCo now executes their geocod
Page 121 and 122: 4.1 The Catalogue 112 Figure 2: Obj
Page 123 and 124: 114 Figure 3: The address data cata
Page 125 and 126: multiple data services or resources
Page 127 and 128: 6. CONCLUSION We presented a scenar
Page 129 and 130: OGC OGF (2007). Memorandum of Under
Page 131 and 132: the identification, the extent, the
Page 133 and 134: integration of metadata and spatial
Page 135 and 136: 126 Category Criteria Technical Sta
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Page 139: element in the metadata record. Thi
Page 143 and 144: MET designers should focus greatly
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Page 147 and 148: lative effects of activities on the
Page 149 and 150: fication both of data and models. T
Page 151 and 152: study described in the next section
Page 153 and 154: tionality. Themes are ‘map view
Page 155 and 156: 146 Figure 5: Registration screen f
Page 157 and 158: As the research progresses more fee
Page 159 and 160: Pettit, C., W. Cartwright, I. D. Bi
Page 161 and 162: Over the last few years, important
Page 163 and 164: - the Regional Topographic Database
Page 165 and 166: - the attributes of each of these t
Page 167 and 168: 5. METADATA MANAGER For metadata cr
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Page 171 and 172: In the business management literatu
Page 173 and 174: To use this strategy, effective con
Page 175 and 176: whether the financial support is fr
Page 177 and 178: pation and control of their own qua
Page 179 and 180: With respect to this description, t
Page 181 and 182: Huarng, F. and Y.T. Chen (2002). Re
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Page 185 and 186: (GPS) devices have changed the natu
Page 187 and 188: equired to know which properties th
Page 189 and 190: The first phase of the EcoGeo Proje
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Adding a ne w organisation in the p
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6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK The
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Goodchild, M. (1995). “Geographic
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188
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2. APPLICATION OF SPATIAL INFORMATI
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a set of simple tools and applicati
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Russia is just at the beginning in
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to explore appropriate services for
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Nevertheless it can be stated that,
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REFERENCES Abdulharis, R., van Loen
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Brazil http://www.gisdevelopment.ne
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204
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vertical integration of multiple le
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went from being “nice to have”
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Approximately 59% of LGAs indicated
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Variables 212 Table 2: Variables th
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5. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR
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Giff, G. (2006). "The value of perf
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Warnest, M., A. Rajabifard and I.P.
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programme. Nevertheless the term 'S
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This distinction is also reflected
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several decades or more. In essence
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to play a larger part in the develo
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Masser, I. (2005). GIS Worlds: crea
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Studies of cooperation as a subject
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232 Figure 1: The ‘SDI-based netw
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Questions of SDI are strongly integ
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This leads to the conclusion that w
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Brunsson, N. (2006). The organizati
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However, current SDI design focuses
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242 Figure 1: Marine and coastal ma
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244 Figure 3: Issues and challenges
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emerged in response to a global rea
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The OGC/TC 211 implementation speci
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Results from European Spatial Data
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Nebert , D.D. (ed.) (2004). Develop
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The article begins by outlining the
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4. INITIAL RESPONSES TO THE RRRs CH
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cluded a qualitative and quantitati
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As an example the ‘Spatial and Te
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Dale, P., and McLaughlin, J.D. (198
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Van Oosterom, P.J.M., Lemmen, C.H.J
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each stakeholder can access, use, a
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elow (Rajabifard et al., 2003a). Ho
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3.3 Evolution Theory and SDI Evolut
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spread of a new idea from its sourc
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institutional complexities. This is
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with existing institutional arrange
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Hofstede, G. and G.J. Hofstede (200
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