SDI Convergence - Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association

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Figure 2: Seamless administration system (UN-PCGIAP, 2004). Land Administration System (includes a cadastral component) Coastal Zone Marine Administration System (includes a cadastral component) Spatial Data Infrastructure (Includes cadastral data) 17th United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference for Asia and the Pacific (UNRCC-AP) further supported the inclusion and development of a marine administration component as part of a seamless SDI to “ensure a continuum across the coastal zone” (UNRCC-AP, 2006). On land, issues and challenges such as data interoperability and data integratability have been identified as major issues. However, there are more issues facing marine environment as it is highly dynamic with 4D boundaries. Thus natural resources or features are more likely to move with time which leads to poor accuracy, precision, consistency and completeness of marine spatial data. These difficulties compound in the coastal zone, as it is both the on- and offshore environments combined and interrelated. The Port Philippe Bay (PPB) case study identified land, marine and coastal management issues. Several interviews with organisations involved in the management of PPB were interviewed. Figure 3 shows the conceptual demonstration of issues and challenges of the land, coast, and marine environments. It implies the need for an overarching spatial data framework to facilitate the management of the whole environment. To improve management of the coastal zone, there needs to be access to and interoperability of both marine and terrestrial spatial data. A more integrated and holistic approach to management of coastal and marine environments would be facilitated by the extension of the SDI on a seamless platform. This would promote data sharing and communication between organisations and facilitate better decision-making. Based on the spatial hierarchical reasoning and object oriented modelling method the seamless SDI model can be postulated as one abstract class SDI at the higher level (parent level) and can be used as a super-class for marine SDI and land SDI classes that extend the abstract class while both land and marine SDI class would inherit seamless SDI properties, they continue to have their specific characteristics and components at the same time (Figure 4). Just like abstraction is closely related to generalisation, the inheritance is closely related to specialisation. The specialisation and generalisation relationships are both reciprocal and hierarchical. Seamless SDI generalises what is common between land and marine SDI, and they specialise seamless SDI to their own specific subtypes. Figure 5 illustrates a conceptual view of seamless platform architecture. 243
244 Figure 3: Issues and challenges of the land, coast and marine environments. Figure 4: Seamless SDI model. Seamless SDI Marine SDI Land SDI
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GSDI Global Spatial Data Infrastruc
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SDI Convergence Research, Emerging
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Table of Contents Foreword vii Peer
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Foreword This book is the result of
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Spatial Data Infrastructure Converg
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SDIs are not for free, and thus nee
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gional level specific and complete
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management issues. They do not foll
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esses (scenario 5b in Figure 1) req
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implements the SDI concept. INSPIRE
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cluded. Map functions refer to pop-
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The toolbar at the top of the map a
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18 Figure 5: Technical implementati
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Development and Deployment of a Ser
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the development of the services off
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Web Applications Services Aplicatio
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Figure 2: ISO 19119 elements for se
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means of their capabilities informa
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- Column Nr_dc (and its associated
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Nebert D., Whiteside A. and P. Vret
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of the four essential parts of a su
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2.1.2 ICT standards web services Fo
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model (see Figure 3). The four comp
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4. FINANCIAL MODELS 4.1 Cost models
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5. Hybrid models: These are models
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4.4 Price strategies Apart from the
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6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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MICUS Management Consulting GmbH (2
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Standard Licences for Geographic In
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3. PHASE I: EUROPEAN CONTEXT AND AC
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The reuse of public sector informat
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(c) free copies or privileged acces
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The ‘Guidelines on the use of geo
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Legal Simcity; Legislative Maps and
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Figure 1: Result set showing protec
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Figure 3: Detailed text-to-map retr
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(Simple Knowledge Organization Syst
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Legal Atlas approach, except for pe
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Furthermore, we pointed out that th
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Power and Privacy: the Use of LBS i
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for these needs by increasing the q
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TARGET [citizen(s)] 3.2.2 Citizens
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tionship with the citizen-subject.
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4.4 European case law 4.4.1 Rotaru
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Without prejudice to the general da
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Taylor, J.A., A.M.B. Lips and J. Or
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these datasets. Afflerbach et al. (
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gration can be realised. This secti
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94 Table 2: Main classes in NEN3610
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96 Table 3: Slightly different attr
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grassy area in TOP10NL data (right)
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Figure 3: IMGeo roads (a) and TOP10
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3.2 Recommendations for integrating
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Figure 7: Modelling sport area as B
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Stoter, J.E., Morales, J.M., Lemmen
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SDI. This evaluation, as well as an
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ConsultCo now executes their geocod
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4.1 The Catalogue 112 Figure 2: Obj
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114 Figure 3: The address data cata
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multiple data services or resources
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6. CONCLUSION We presented a scenar
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OGC OGF (2007). Memorandum of Under
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the identification, the extent, the
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integration of metadata and spatial
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126 Category Criteria Technical Sta
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cords as required. The application
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element in the metadata record. Thi
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132 Category Criteria Technical Sta
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MET designers should focus greatly
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136
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lative effects of activities on the
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fication both of data and models. T
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study described in the next section
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tionality. Themes are ‘map view
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146 Figure 5: Registration screen f
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As the research progresses more fee
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Pettit, C., W. Cartwright, I. D. Bi
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Over the last few years, important
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- the Regional Topographic Database
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- the attributes of each of these t
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5. METADATA MANAGER For metadata cr
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160
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In the business management literatu
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To use this strategy, effective con
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whether the financial support is fr
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pation and control of their own qua
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With respect to this description, t
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Huarng, F. and Y.T. Chen (2002). Re
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174
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(GPS) devices have changed the natu
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equired to know which properties th
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The first phase of the EcoGeo Proje
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Adding a ne w organisation in the p
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6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK The
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Goodchild, M. (1995). “Geographic
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188
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2. APPLICATION OF SPATIAL INFORMATI
Page 201 and 202: a set of simple tools and applicati
Page 203 and 204: Russia is just at the beginning in
Page 205 and 206: to explore appropriate services for
Page 207 and 208: Nevertheless it can be stated that,
Page 209 and 210: REFERENCES Abdulharis, R., van Loen
Page 211 and 212: Brazil http://www.gisdevelopment.ne
Page 213 and 214: 204
Page 215 and 216: vertical integration of multiple le
Page 217 and 218: went from being “nice to have”
Page 219 and 220: Approximately 59% of LGAs indicated
Page 221 and 222: Variables 212 Table 2: Variables th
Page 223 and 224: 5. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR
Page 225 and 226: Giff, G. (2006). "The value of perf
Page 227 and 228: Warnest, M., A. Rajabifard and I.P.
Page 229 and 230: programme. Nevertheless the term 'S
Page 231 and 232: This distinction is also reflected
Page 233 and 234: several decades or more. In essence
Page 235 and 236: to play a larger part in the develo
Page 237 and 238: Masser, I. (2005). GIS Worlds: crea
Page 239 and 240: Studies of cooperation as a subject
Page 241 and 242: 232 Figure 1: The ‘SDI-based netw
Page 243 and 244: Questions of SDI are strongly integ
Page 245 and 246: This leads to the conclusion that w
Page 247 and 248: Brunsson, N. (2006). The organizati
Page 249 and 250: However, current SDI design focuses
Page 251: 242 Figure 1: Marine and coastal ma
Page 255 and 256: emerged in response to a global rea
Page 257 and 258: The OGC/TC 211 implementation speci
Page 259 and 260: Results from European Spatial Data
Page 261 and 262: Nebert , D.D. (ed.) (2004). Develop
Page 263 and 264: The article begins by outlining the
Page 265 and 266: 4. INITIAL RESPONSES TO THE RRRs CH
Page 267 and 268: cluded a qualitative and quantitati
Page 269 and 270: As an example the ‘Spatial and Te
Page 271 and 272: Dale, P., and McLaughlin, J.D. (198
Page 273 and 274: Van Oosterom, P.J.M., Lemmen, C.H.J
Page 275 and 276: each stakeholder can access, use, a
Page 277 and 278: elow (Rajabifard et al., 2003a). Ho
Page 279 and 280: 3.3 Evolution Theory and SDI Evolut
Page 281 and 282: spread of a new idea from its sourc
Page 283 and 284: institutional complexities. This is
Page 285 and 286: with existing institutional arrange
Page 287 and 288: Hofstede, G. and G.J. Hofstede (200
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