SDI Convergence - Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association

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Furthermore, we pointed out that the enabling technology, based on Semantic Web technologies including RDF tuples and SPARQL queries allows us to create a truly flexible and dynamic solution. It enables the user to approach any piece of information either starting from the map side or from the text side, and even more important, it allows for intelligent support, i.e. automated reasoning. In this paper we showed how this can be used for constrains satisfaction and conflict resolution, but more complex reasoning about regulations related to spatial objects is also possible using the same underlying technology. For a more detailed description of this technology we refer to Hoekstra et al. (2009). Further research Further research should concentrate on other European areas of legal and semantic implications for policy making and balancing interests. Within the spatial domain a future research area could be on balancing environmental with economic and recreational interests in the context of INSPIRE. The massive volumes of data required to provide simple services is another area for further research One of the prototypes, for example, already contained 3.5 gigabytes of content that was collected from 10 municipalities, five large infrastructural sources and the chamber of commerce. This data was used to ‘fill’ the prototype and was additional to the already vast amount of content obtained from the province. The issue of content volume becomes more important if we model legal knowledge-based systems at European scale (because of the jurisdictions of national laws). We will further develop and test new versions of Legal Atlas in 2009. In a new version we will further improve the capacity to handle conflicting interests, to visualise and interact with policy intentions and use automated ‘seeking area’. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank Mary Haselager, Kees Kersten and Jolanka Perk of Geopolis Flevoland and the Public-i team for their contribution to the research presented in this article. REFERENCES Boer, A., R. Peters, T. van Engers, and Radboud Winkels (2007). Separating Law from Geography in GIS-based eGovernment Services, Artificial Intelligence and Law, 15(1): 49-76. Boer, A., R. Hoekstra, R. Winkels, T. van Engers, and F. Willaert (2002). “ META lex: Legislation in XML”, in T. Bench-Capon, Aspassia Daskalopulu, and R.G.F. Winkels (eds.), Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (Jurix 2002), Amsterdam: IOS Press, pp. 1-10. Boer, A., T. van Engers, and R. Winkels (2003). “Using Ontologies for Comparing and Harmonizing Legislation”. Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL), Edinburgh (UK). EC-INSPIRE (2003). Spatial Data Infrastructures in Europe: State of play Spring 2003 commissioned by EUROSTAT & DGENV, K.U. Leuven. Gibson, J. (1979). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception, Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. 73
Hoekstra, R., Winkels R.G.F. and Hupkes, E. (2009). “Reasoning with spatial plans on the semantic web”. Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL 2009). IAAIL, ACM Press, June. Human Factors Research Group (1994). SUMI. Software Usability Measurement Inventory Cork: University College. INSPIRE (2008). Work Programme Transposition Phase 2007 - 2009, d.d. 16 mei 2007. Peters, R. and T. van Engers (2004). The legal atlas: Map-based navigation and accessibility of legal knowledge sources, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3035: 228-236. van de Ven, S., R. Hoekstra, R. Winkels, E. de Maat, and Á. Kollár (2007). MetaVex: Regulation Drafting meets the Semantic Web. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 4884: 27-32. Wilson, F. and R. Peters (2004). “Mapping the law: Knowledge support for business development enquiry”. Proceedings of the eChallenges 2004 Conference, IST Programme, Vienna. Winkels, R., A. Boer, and E. Hupkes (2007). “Legal Atlas: Access to Legal Sources through Maps”. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL 2007). Woudenberg, B., R. Peters and M. Hoogwout (2009). Inspire begint vandaag; Wat de EU-Kaderrichtlijn INSPIRE voor provincies gaat betekenen. IOG Geo. Wright (2004a). http://simcity.ea.com/community/events/will_wright_01_08_04.php. Wright (2004b). http://simcity.ea.com/playsimcity_classic.phpor. 74
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GSDI Global Spatial Data Infrastruc
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SDI Convergence Research, Emerging
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Table of Contents Foreword vii Peer
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Foreword This book is the result of
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Spatial Data Infrastructure Converg
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SDIs are not for free, and thus nee
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gional level specific and complete
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management issues. They do not foll
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esses (scenario 5b in Figure 1) req
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implements the SDI concept. INSPIRE
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cluded. Map functions refer to pop-
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The toolbar at the top of the map a
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18 Figure 5: Technical implementati
Page 30 and 31:
Development and Deployment of a Ser
Page 32 and 33: the development of the services off
Page 34 and 35: Web Applications Services Aplicatio
Page 36 and 37: Figure 2: ISO 19119 elements for se
Page 38 and 39: means of their capabilities informa
Page 40 and 41: - Column Nr_dc (and its associated
Page 42: Nebert D., Whiteside A. and P. Vret
Page 45 and 46: of the four essential parts of a su
Page 47 and 48: 2.1.2 ICT standards web services Fo
Page 49 and 50: model (see Figure 3). The four comp
Page 51 and 52: 4. FINANCIAL MODELS 4.1 Cost models
Page 53 and 54: 5. Hybrid models: These are models
Page 55 and 56: 4.4 Price strategies Apart from the
Page 57 and 58: 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 59 and 60: MICUS Management Consulting GmbH (2
Page 62 and 63: Standard Licences for Geographic In
Page 64 and 65: 3. PHASE I: EUROPEAN CONTEXT AND AC
Page 66 and 67: The reuse of public sector informat
Page 68 and 69: (c) free copies or privileged acces
Page 70 and 71: The ‘Guidelines on the use of geo
Page 72 and 73: Legal Simcity; Legislative Maps and
Page 74 and 75: Figure 1: Result set showing protec
Page 76 and 77: Figure 3: Detailed text-to-map retr
Page 78 and 79: (Simple Knowledge Organization Syst
Page 80 and 81: Legal Atlas approach, except for pe
Page 84 and 85: Power and Privacy: the Use of LBS i
Page 86 and 87: for these needs by increasing the q
Page 88 and 89: TARGET [citizen(s)] 3.2.2 Citizens
Page 90 and 91: tionship with the citizen-subject.
Page 92 and 93: 4.4 European case law 4.4.1 Rotaru
Page 94 and 95: Without prejudice to the general da
Page 96: Taylor, J.A., A.M.B. Lips and J. Or
Page 99 and 100: these datasets. Afflerbach et al. (
Page 101 and 102: gration can be realised. This secti
Page 103 and 104: 94 Table 2: Main classes in NEN3610
Page 105 and 106: 96 Table 3: Slightly different attr
Page 107 and 108: grassy area in TOP10NL data (right)
Page 109 and 110: Figure 3: IMGeo roads (a) and TOP10
Page 111 and 112: 3.2 Recommendations for integrating
Page 113 and 114: Figure 7: Modelling sport area as B
Page 115 and 116: Stoter, J.E., Morales, J.M., Lemmen
Page 117 and 118: SDI. This evaluation, as well as an
Page 119 and 120: ConsultCo now executes their geocod
Page 121 and 122: 4.1 The Catalogue 112 Figure 2: Obj
Page 123 and 124: 114 Figure 3: The address data cata
Page 125 and 126: multiple data services or resources
Page 127 and 128: 6. CONCLUSION We presented a scenar
Page 129 and 130: OGC OGF (2007). Memorandum of Under
Page 131 and 132: the identification, the extent, the
Page 133 and 134:
integration of metadata and spatial
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126 Category Criteria Technical Sta
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cords as required. The application
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element in the metadata record. Thi
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132 Category Criteria Technical Sta
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MET designers should focus greatly
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136
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lative effects of activities on the
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fication both of data and models. T
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study described in the next section
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tionality. Themes are ‘map view
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146 Figure 5: Registration screen f
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As the research progresses more fee
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Pettit, C., W. Cartwright, I. D. Bi
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Over the last few years, important
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- the Regional Topographic Database
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- the attributes of each of these t
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5. METADATA MANAGER For metadata cr
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160
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In the business management literatu
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To use this strategy, effective con
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whether the financial support is fr
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pation and control of their own qua
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With respect to this description, t
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Huarng, F. and Y.T. Chen (2002). Re
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174
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(GPS) devices have changed the natu
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equired to know which properties th
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The first phase of the EcoGeo Proje
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Adding a ne w organisation in the p
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6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK The
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Goodchild, M. (1995). “Geographic
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188
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2. APPLICATION OF SPATIAL INFORMATI
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a set of simple tools and applicati
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Russia is just at the beginning in
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to explore appropriate services for
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Nevertheless it can be stated that,
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REFERENCES Abdulharis, R., van Loen
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Brazil http://www.gisdevelopment.ne
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204
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vertical integration of multiple le
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went from being “nice to have”
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Approximately 59% of LGAs indicated
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Variables 212 Table 2: Variables th
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5. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR
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Giff, G. (2006). "The value of perf
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Warnest, M., A. Rajabifard and I.P.
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programme. Nevertheless the term 'S
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This distinction is also reflected
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several decades or more. In essence
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to play a larger part in the develo
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Masser, I. (2005). GIS Worlds: crea
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Studies of cooperation as a subject
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232 Figure 1: The ‘SDI-based netw
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Questions of SDI are strongly integ
Page 245 and 246:
This leads to the conclusion that w
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Brunsson, N. (2006). The organizati
Page 249 and 250:
However, current SDI design focuses
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242 Figure 1: Marine and coastal ma
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244 Figure 3: Issues and challenges
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emerged in response to a global rea
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The OGC/TC 211 implementation speci
Page 259 and 260:
Results from European Spatial Data
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Nebert , D.D. (ed.) (2004). Develop
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The article begins by outlining the
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4. INITIAL RESPONSES TO THE RRRs CH
Page 267 and 268:
cluded a qualitative and quantitati
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As an example the ‘Spatial and Te
Page 271 and 272:
Dale, P., and McLaughlin, J.D. (198
Page 273 and 274:
Van Oosterom, P.J.M., Lemmen, C.H.J
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each stakeholder can access, use, a
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elow (Rajabifard et al., 2003a). Ho
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3.3 Evolution Theory and SDI Evolut
Page 281 and 282:
spread of a new idea from its sourc
Page 283 and 284:
institutional complexities. This is
Page 285 and 286:
with existing institutional arrange
Page 287 and 288:
Hofstede, G. and G.J. Hofstede (200
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