The Journey of Flight.pdf - Valkyrie Cadet

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Chapter Chapter 9 9 - - Flight Flight Navigation Navigation Airport Symbols on an Aeronautical Chart Airports with paved runways 1,500 to 8,000 feet long are shown by either a magenta or blue disk. If the airport does not have an air traffic control tower, the disk is magenta. If it has a control tower, the disk is blue. The airport’s runway layout appears within the disk. Those airports with one or more runways longer than 8,000 feet are printed as heavily outlined runways. The color of this outline also indicates whether or not the airport has a control tower. Seldom seen airport symbols like heliports, unpaved military airports and seaplane bases are shown on most sectional aeronautical charts. The basic information pilots need in order to land at an unfamiliar airport is printed near the airport symbol. First will be the airport’s name, next will be the airport’s surface elevation above mean sea level, and then the length of its longest runway shown in hundreds of feet. Additional information about airports is contained in several FAA publications to give the aviator sufficient details to fly into and out of the airport. Military and Joint-use Airports. Military airports are depicted in the same manner as civil airports. The only distinguishing feature is in the airport’s name: an abbreviation for the owning military service, such as AFB for Air Force Base, follows the name. Joint-use airports are found where civil aviation and military aviation share the runways. This does not mean that they will share the facilities. More 237
than likely, the civil aviation passenger terminal and other facilities will be distinctly separated from the military operations. How do pilots know (from the aeronautical chart) that an airport is the joint-use type? They will know from the name of the airport. The name of the military installation, such as Sheppard AFB/ Wichita Falls, appears above the name of the civil airport. Airspace Airspace Airspace Airspace Airspace and and and and and Air Air Airways Air Airways ways ways ways Years ago, when aviation was just beginning to be recognized as a useful tool of society, not many airplanes were around. The people who were pilots could fly anytime and anywhere. There was little danger of colliding with another airplane because so few were in the sky. Today, things have changed. There are hundreds of thousands of airplanes in the United States alone, and the number is growing. The amount of flying these airplanes do and the airports where they converge make it necessary to setup rules and restrictions which govern the planes, the pilots who fly them and the airspace in which they fly. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) establishes and enforces these rules and restrictions within the USA. Controlled Airspace. This is a general term for airspace that has several subdivisions and is shown on aeronautical charts. When an airplane is flying in or through controlled airspace, it is subject to control by FAA air traffic controllers. This controlled airspace has dimensions; some of it starts at surface level while other subdivisions begin and end at various altitudes. The largest area of controlled airspace is called the continental control area. This subdivision generally starts at 14,500 feet above mean sea level, extends upward into space and covers the United States (excluding Alaska and Hawaii) like a blanket. Most pilots have to fly into control zones because these control zones are around many airports. They begin at surface level and end at the base of the continental control area. If there is an operating control tower at an airport, there will be an airport traffic area within the control zone. This is a special controlled airspace area in which aircraft are directed during takeoff and landing operations. In many parts of the country, there is uncontrolled airspace, which starts at the surface and extends upward to the continental control area. There are also rules and restrictions for flying in uncontrolled airspace, but not as many as there are for controlled airspace. Airways. Airways are three-dimensional highways in the sky and are another subdivision of controlled airspace. There are low-altitude airways and high-altitude airways for use by all aviation traffic. Occasionally, special circumstances require the use of a specified airway. If this requirement is routine or known, then that information is provided in the supplemental FAA publications for the area. Low-altitude airways are shown on the sectional chart. These are known as Victor airways and are based on the locations of radio navigation stations, which are called Very-High-Frequency Omnidirectional Radio Range (VOR). To follow these airways accurately requires the use of a special directional radio receiver. Special-use Airspace. There are some special, but relatively small areas of the airspace that most pilots have to avoid. Therefore, it is part of the pilot’s duty to make sure the flight doesn’t include travel through such airspace. Prohibited airspace and restricted airspace are clearly marked on all 238
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CIVIL AIR PATROL The Official Auxil
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A
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Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Cha
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Our ability to use air and space di
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glider 400 years before the first o
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After centuries of dreaming, flight
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However, hydrogen also had a seriou
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The first airplane pioneer in the n
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devotion to gliding and aviation en
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Langley’s last failure, two broth
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During the winter of 1901, they bui
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� kite � lighter-than-air � g
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exceeded the speed requirements. Th
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Rodgers’ Vin Fiz Flyer was built
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Progress Progress in in Europe Euro
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power than one, and if one engine f
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Many aviation pioneers already ment
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in military affairs took place with
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FFFFFighter ighter ighter ighter ig
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difficulties in accepting the servi
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in the Wisconsin Volunteers at age
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SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER 1. (Rober
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The NC-1 came down after flying 850
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On November 14, 1918, 3 days after
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Ar Army Ar my Air Air P PPower P ow
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Kelly and Macready flew over Indian
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Early Parachute Jump Test National
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WWWWWomen omen omen omen’s omen
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On June 12, 1934, Congress passed a
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The engine compartment of EAA’s S
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The great airplane designer, Lloyd
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workhorse we know today. The name o
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Pan American’s China Clipper Mean
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them to respond to an Army design c
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qualified would be sent to designat
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The 332nd Fighter Group flew more t
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MATCHING 11. First attempt to stand
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The Japanese built a strong Navy. T
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The backbone of the German Air Forc
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Lacking the defensive air force to
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The Spitfire is a prized collector
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86 USAAF personnel are shown here p
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Hitler supposedly promised Luftwaff
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Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor on
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established within the Army Air For
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In fact, the lessons learned in Nor
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already tried daylight bombing and
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The P-51 Mustang helped turn the ti
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ACES IN EUROPE The Luftwaffe produc
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Almost exactly 1 month later, the U
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Major General George Kenney was Mac
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This first bombing raid was led by
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the island-hopping campaign in the
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� combined arms operations � Bl
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than 900,000. By 1947, this figure
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The most famous jet of World War II
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The The The The The Berlin Berlin B
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North Korean advance just enough so
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On July 27, 1953, a cease-fire trea
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Immediately after the war, the most
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The DeHavilland Comet 1 restriction
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almost 200 mph. It was equipped wit
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The specially designed B-29 carried
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Swept-back wings of a jet aircraft
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As technology got better, systems g
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Despite US participation, the civil
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nationwide saw the ugliness of war.
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Vietnamese forces. Enemy supply lin
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nothing could destroy that bridge.
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As a result, both countries created
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This is what led to the development
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superiority fighters flew for over
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were going to attack the targets at
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Iraq Iraq Iraq Iraq Iraq Counteratt
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The poor Iraqi performance can be a
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� Cold War � National Security
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27. On August 7, 1964, Congress pas
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XB XB XB-70 -70 -70 -70 -70 The X-1
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een overshadowed by rearward-swept
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164 The X-33 Advanced Technology De
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Air Force as the C-135. It was foll
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The Boeing 777’s “Glass Cockpit
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Navajo Navajo Navajo Navajo Navajo
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Chapter Chapter 7 7 - - - Basic Bas
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Chapter Chapter 7 7 7 - - Basic Bas
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Chapter Chapter 7 7 7 - - Basic Bas
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etractable) landing gear. The Skyha
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290
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A hot air balloon takes off from th
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Racing Racing Racing Racing Racing
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SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER 1. (Ultra
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In figuring the fuel efficiency of
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All of these aircraft carry a pilot
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However, remember during that hour
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The Canadair Challenger began as a
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commercial pilot certificate and an
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specially trained pilot then uses h
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5. Fill in the blanks with nontrans
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usually is able to carry either nuc
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aircraft. Weight is important becau
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capabilities. About the size of an
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Noncombatant Noncombatant Aircraf A
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OV-10A Bronco. This aircraft was sp
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MILITARY AIRCRAFT LETTER AND NUMBER
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C-17. The C-17 Globemaster III is t
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� combat aircraft � noncombat a
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15. To make up for the disadvantage
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Bell AH-1 HueyCobra. The AH-1 was d
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Sikorsky HH-3. Twin 1,500-horsepowe
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Companies supplying offshore oil pl
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Higher rotation speed and higher fo
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In war, there will always be situat
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Two methods are available for using
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In the 1980s, new technology, which
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7. Which of the following is not a
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maintenance of the airway system ov
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(transfer it) to another air traffi
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Center. The CAI operates the progra
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encouraging learning through its ma
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CAP Emergency Services 356 which we
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one of the largest airshows in the
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SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER 1. The (F
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APTITUDES AND AEROSPACE CAREERS Apt
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amount of exposure to these basic s
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Freshman and Sophomore Years: Engli
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Sophomore Year: Meteorology Science
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Scholarships are available to quali
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1. Be at least 17-years-old and not
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� aptitude � curricula � comm
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18. The _________ _________ _______
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Chapter Chapter 18 18 18 - - - The
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Chapter Chapter 18 18 - - The The A
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Chapter Chapter 18 18 18 - - The Th
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Chapter Chapter 18 18 18 - - - The
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Chapter Chapter 19- 19- W WWeather
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 19- 19- W W
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 20 20 - - A
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Chapter Chapter 20 20 - - A AAviati
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There is an explanation for everyth
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Even with improvements over the sti
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ecause of the centrifugal force cre
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A Demonstration of Newton’s Third
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module payload. Of course, the ulti
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Solid Fuel Propulsion System hot, e
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Let’s suppose we do not want to b
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MATCHING 7. Match the scientist wit
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With a few exceptions, propulsion s
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The chemical reaction of hydrogen a
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tube was known and employed in warf
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is used to start the ignition proce
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paint certain surfaces of the prope
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the precombustion chamber is ignite
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atomized and sufficiently diffused
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FILL IN THE BLANKS 7. Rust and corr
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In this chapter, we will look at wh
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and inversely proportional to the s
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inclination constant, precesses slo
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Suppose the mission of a payload re
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Burnout of the propellant system wi
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Earth, always maintaining the same
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Other Other Other Other Other Copla
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same as the Earth’s period of rot
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The launch vehicles used by the mil
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� orbits � trajectories � ine
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Space. The Final Frontier. These ar
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Chapter Chapter 24 24 - - Space Spa
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Chapter Chapter 24 24 - - - Space S
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 24 24 - - S
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 24 24 - - S
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 24 24 - - -
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Chapter Chapter 25 25 - - Our Our S
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At the end of World War II, the tea
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Chapter Chapter 26 26 - - Unmanned
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 26 26 - - U
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 26 26 26 -
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Chapter Chapter 26 26 26 - - Unmann
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The space race between the United S
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Chapter Chapter 27 27 - - Manned Ma
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 27 27 - - M
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 27 27 - - M
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27. Tonkin Gulf Resolution, Johnson
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13. training routes 14. true course
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CHAPTER 16 1. CAB 2. FSS 3. NAFEC 4
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CHAPTER 21 1. Gravity 2. Galileo 3.
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9. Weather—A, C, E, G; Multi-Spec
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Aurora australis - colored lights,
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D Dead reckoning - involves the sys
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Haze - a concentration of water vap
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Magnetic course - the course accord
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Prime meridian - the great circle l
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Strategic airlift - transportation
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Weather - the day-to-day changes in
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C-54, 118, 124 C-69, 124 C-130 Herc
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VS 300, 63 X-1, 129,176 X-15, 159-1
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Eichstadt, Konrad 445 Eighth Air Fo
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Manning, Captain Harry, 9 Mannock,
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soaring, 292-293 solar radiation 39
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This textbook was jointly produced
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