The Journey of Flight.pdf - Valkyrie Cadet

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Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 10 The aerospace subject is very large and diverse. As seen in previous chapters, there are many subject areas. So far you have learned about history, weather, space and aerodynamics. Now you will learn more about specific functions of aircraft, organizations, training and careers.Together these all makeup the aerospace community. Only when all subject areas discussed in this book are working together do we see the whole picture. Each part may stand-alone, but doesn’t tell the whole story. Each plays a vital role in the aerospace community, but without them altogether, there would not be a synergistic effect. The loss or slowdown of progress in one area would have negative impacts across the entire community. A recent economic boom has invigorated the aerospace community. Commercial aviation is expanding at record paces.Technology has played a key role in this boom. This boom has brought many challenges and benefits that will continue into the future.This will help to ensure the aerospace community will be more and more a part of everyones' lives. bjectives The All-new, World-class Denver International Airport Identify the different parts of a typical airport and describe their functions. Describe how runways are numbered. Know the difference between a controlled and uncontrolled airport. Describe the different lights and their meanings on an airport. Describe three concerns and challenges to a typical airport. 263
The The Airport Airport Airports come in all sizes and shapes. Some airports are grass fields located on farms, while others are downtown in major cities encompassing tens of square miles. Airports can be civilian, military or a combination of both. They can be for public, private or military use. They can also be for large commercial air carrier operations or for the smaller general aviation aircraft. Regardless of size and function, they all exist for the basic purpose of launching and recovering aircraft. They are madeup of several parts, each providing an essential service to accomplish the basic functions of the airport. Runway Runway Runway Runway Runway The most important part of the airport is the runway. With the exception of helicopters, the runway is needed for all aircraft to takeoff and land. The runway can be made of grass, gravel, concrete, or asphalt. All runways are identified by a number. The number is the first 2 digits of a compass direction rounded to the nearest 10 degrees. For example, if a runway faces west or 265 to 274 degrees, it is numbered 27. When going the opposite direction on the runway, it changes its number to the reciprocal compass heading. In this example, it would be 09 because 180 degrees from 270 is 090 degrees. Some airports have several runways with the same direction. These runways are given a letter to tell them apart from the other ones, such as 23L for left, or 23R for right. Runways also have other markings on them. A dashed, white line down the center identifies the centerline and a solid white line on each side marks the edge. Special markings identify the runway for use in bad weather. These markings are usually large white blocks that start at the approach end and stop several thousand feet down the runway. All of these different markings tell the pilot something about the runway, just as markings on a road tell drivers about the road. At night, runways have steady white lights on the edges and sometimes down the middle. At the end of the runway are red lights and at the beginning are green lights. Larger runways can also have approach lighting. These are lights before the actual runway. Usually they are on poles that slope downward towards the threshold or beginning of the runway. They are used by the pilot to line up the airplane with the runway and, in bad weather, help the pilot to find the runway. The approach lights usually flash in sequence so a pilot can more easily see which direction the runway is pointing. Some lighting is pilot-controlled and is available at some smaller airports. Pilots tune in a specific radio frequency and key their microphone. The number of times the microphone is keyed determines the intensity of the lighting. To conserve electricity, the lights shut off automatically after about 15 minutes. TTTTTaxiways axiways axiways axiways axiways Taxiways are the roads that aircraft use to get to the runway. Pilots taxi their aircraft from one spot on the airport to another by using these taxiways. Each airport has its own pattern of taxiways. The most common taxiway is called the parallel taxiway. It gets its name because it parallels the runway. Taxiways are usually narrower than runways and have different markings and names so pilots do not 264
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CIVIL AIR PATROL The Official Auxil
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A
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Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Cha
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Our ability to use air and space di
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glider 400 years before the first o
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After centuries of dreaming, flight
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However, hydrogen also had a seriou
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The first airplane pioneer in the n
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devotion to gliding and aviation en
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Langley’s last failure, two broth
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During the winter of 1901, they bui
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� kite � lighter-than-air � g
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exceeded the speed requirements. Th
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Rodgers’ Vin Fiz Flyer was built
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Progress Progress in in Europe Euro
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power than one, and if one engine f
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Many aviation pioneers already ment
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in military affairs took place with
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FFFFFighter ighter ighter ighter ig
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difficulties in accepting the servi
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in the Wisconsin Volunteers at age
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SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER 1. (Rober
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The NC-1 came down after flying 850
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On November 14, 1918, 3 days after
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Ar Army Ar my Air Air P PPower P ow
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Kelly and Macready flew over Indian
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Early Parachute Jump Test National
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WWWWWomen omen omen omen’s omen
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On June 12, 1934, Congress passed a
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The engine compartment of EAA’s S
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The great airplane designer, Lloyd
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workhorse we know today. The name o
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Pan American’s China Clipper Mean
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them to respond to an Army design c
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qualified would be sent to designat
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The 332nd Fighter Group flew more t
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MATCHING 11. First attempt to stand
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The Japanese built a strong Navy. T
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The backbone of the German Air Forc
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Lacking the defensive air force to
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The Spitfire is a prized collector
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86 USAAF personnel are shown here p
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Hitler supposedly promised Luftwaff
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Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor on
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established within the Army Air For
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In fact, the lessons learned in Nor
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already tried daylight bombing and
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The P-51 Mustang helped turn the ti
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ACES IN EUROPE The Luftwaffe produc
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Almost exactly 1 month later, the U
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Major General George Kenney was Mac
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This first bombing raid was led by
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the island-hopping campaign in the
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� combined arms operations � Bl
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than 900,000. By 1947, this figure
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The most famous jet of World War II
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The The The The The Berlin Berlin B
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North Korean advance just enough so
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On July 27, 1953, a cease-fire trea
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Immediately after the war, the most
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The DeHavilland Comet 1 restriction
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almost 200 mph. It was equipped wit
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The specially designed B-29 carried
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Swept-back wings of a jet aircraft
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As technology got better, systems g
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Despite US participation, the civil
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nationwide saw the ugliness of war.
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Vietnamese forces. Enemy supply lin
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nothing could destroy that bridge.
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As a result, both countries created
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This is what led to the development
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superiority fighters flew for over
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were going to attack the targets at
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Iraq Iraq Iraq Iraq Iraq Counteratt
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The poor Iraqi performance can be a
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� Cold War � National Security
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27. On August 7, 1964, Congress pas
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XB XB XB-70 -70 -70 -70 -70 The X-1
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een overshadowed by rearward-swept
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164 The X-33 Advanced Technology De
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Air Force as the C-135. It was foll
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The Boeing 777’s “Glass Cockpit
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Navajo Navajo Navajo Navajo Navajo
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Chapter Chapter 7 7 - - - Basic Bas
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Chapter Chapter 7 7 7 - - Basic Bas
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Chapter Chapter 7 7 7 - - Basic Bas
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Chapter Chapter 7 7 - - Basic Basic
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Chapter Chapter 8 8 - - - Air Aircr
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Chapter Chapter 8 8 - - Air Aircraf
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Page 216 and 217: Chapter Chapter 8 8 - - Air Aircraf
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Page 271 and 272: Control Control Control Control Con
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Page 301 and 302: SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER 1. (Ultra
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5. Fill in the blanks with nontrans
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usually is able to carry either nuc
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aircraft. Weight is important becau
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capabilities. About the size of an
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Noncombatant Noncombatant Aircraf A
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OV-10A Bronco. This aircraft was sp
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MILITARY AIRCRAFT LETTER AND NUMBER
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C-17. The C-17 Globemaster III is t
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� combat aircraft � noncombat a
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15. To make up for the disadvantage
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Bell AH-1 HueyCobra. The AH-1 was d
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Sikorsky HH-3. Twin 1,500-horsepowe
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Companies supplying offshore oil pl
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Higher rotation speed and higher fo
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In war, there will always be situat
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Two methods are available for using
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In the 1980s, new technology, which
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7. Which of the following is not a
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maintenance of the airway system ov
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(transfer it) to another air traffi
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Center. The CAI operates the progra
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encouraging learning through its ma
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CAP Emergency Services 356 which we
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one of the largest airshows in the
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SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER 1. The (F
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APTITUDES AND AEROSPACE CAREERS Apt
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amount of exposure to these basic s
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Freshman and Sophomore Years: Engli
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Sophomore Year: Meteorology Science
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Scholarships are available to quali
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1. Be at least 17-years-old and not
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� aptitude � curricula � comm
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18. The _________ _________ _______
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Chapter Chapter 18 18 18 - - - The
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Chapter Chapter 18 18 - - The The A
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Chapter Chapter 18 18 18 - - The Th
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Chapter Chapter 18 18 18 - - - The
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Chapter Chapter 19- 19- W WWeather
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 19- 19- W W
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 20 20 - - A
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Chapter Chapter 20 20 - - A AAviati
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There is an explanation for everyth
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Even with improvements over the sti
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ecause of the centrifugal force cre
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A Demonstration of Newton’s Third
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module payload. Of course, the ulti
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Solid Fuel Propulsion System hot, e
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Let’s suppose we do not want to b
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MATCHING 7. Match the scientist wit
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With a few exceptions, propulsion s
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The chemical reaction of hydrogen a
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tube was known and employed in warf
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is used to start the ignition proce
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paint certain surfaces of the prope
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the precombustion chamber is ignite
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atomized and sufficiently diffused
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FILL IN THE BLANKS 7. Rust and corr
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In this chapter, we will look at wh
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and inversely proportional to the s
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inclination constant, precesses slo
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Suppose the mission of a payload re
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Burnout of the propellant system wi
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Earth, always maintaining the same
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Other Other Other Other Other Copla
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same as the Earth’s period of rot
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The launch vehicles used by the mil
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� orbits � trajectories � ine
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Space. The Final Frontier. These ar
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Chapter Chapter 24 24 - - Space Spa
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Chapter Chapter 24 24 - - - Space S
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 24 24 - - S
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 24 24 - - S
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 24 24 - - -
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Chapter Chapter 25 25 - - Our Our S
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At the end of World War II, the tea
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Chapter Chapter 26 26 - - Unmanned
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 26 26 - - U
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 26 26 26 -
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Chapter Chapter 26 26 26 - - Unmann
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The space race between the United S
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Chapter Chapter 27 27 - - Manned Ma
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 27 27 - - M
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 27 27 - - M
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27. Tonkin Gulf Resolution, Johnson
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13. training routes 14. true course
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CHAPTER 16 1. CAB 2. FSS 3. NAFEC 4
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CHAPTER 21 1. Gravity 2. Galileo 3.
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9. Weather—A, C, E, G; Multi-Spec
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Aurora australis - colored lights,
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D Dead reckoning - involves the sys
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Haze - a concentration of water vap
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Magnetic course - the course accord
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Prime meridian - the great circle l
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Strategic airlift - transportation
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Weather - the day-to-day changes in
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C-54, 118, 124 C-69, 124 C-130 Herc
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VS 300, 63 X-1, 129,176 X-15, 159-1
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Eichstadt, Konrad 445 Eighth Air Fo
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Manning, Captain Harry, 9 Mannock,
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soaring, 292-293 solar radiation 39
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This textbook was jointly produced
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