The Journey of Flight.pdf - Valkyrie Cadet

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Chapter Chapter 25 25 - - Our Our Solar Solar System System System Black holes are perplexing to scientists because everything about them must be guessed. Anything sent to investigate could not send its messages back to Earth because the black hole would absorb the radio transmissions. Other Galaxies Beyond our system of stars or galaxy, there seems to be an endless number of other galaxies. Each time our scientists develop techniques of seeing farther into space, they find other galaxies beyond the range limit of previous instruments. Even the galaxy-to-galaxy relationship is in motion. In general, all of these individual galaxies and groups of galaxies seem to be moving away from each other. This movement also seems to be moving away from a common point. However, when the movement began is not certain, and the outermost extent of this expanding universe is not yet known. 547 A Universe of Galaxies At one time, the edge was thought to be 14 billion light-years out, but where it really is and how it all started are two things about which scientists can only speculate and theorize. According to astronomer Douglas Richstone, “The formation and evolution of galaxies are intimately connected to the presence of a central massive black hole. Radiation and high-energy particles released by the formation and growth of black holes are the dominant sources of heat and kinetic energy for star-forming gas in protogalaxies.” Researchers have noted that nearly all galaxies with spheroidal distributions of stars (that is, bulges in spirals) seem to have massive black holes that appear to correlate with the mass of the central part of the host galaxy, pointing to a connection between the massive black hole and the galaxy. Additionally, comparisons of the history of star formation in the universe with the history of quasars reveals that quasars developed well before most star formation in galaxies. Astronomers believe the massive black holes now seen in the centers of galaxies are relics of these quasars, indicating that the black holes must have been present at the height of the quasar epoch when the universe was about one billion years old. Astronomers theorize that as galaxies formed in the early universe, powerful gravitational attraction pulled huge amounts of gas together at their center to create a black hole. Gas and any close stars were sucked in and converted to gas in the process. As the gas swirled into the black hole in a huge vortex, it became hotter and hotter and glowed more and more brightly. Just before plunging into
oblivion, it became a quasar, emitting a burst of radiation, including massive flashes of X-ray and ultraviolet radiation. Although the universe is still expanding, the combined gravity of its dark matter may be sufficient to halt the expansion. If this happens, then gravity may pull all the galaxies together again in a massive Big Crunch. The more we explore, the more we discover we have yet to learn. � moon � crater � rille � moon dust � moon rocks � basalt � anorthosite � KREEP � Mars � Mariner and Viking probes � asteroids � Jupiter � Saturn � Uranus MATCHING 1. older than rocks on the Earth 2. found mainly on the moon’s plains 3. composed mostly of feldspar 4. abundant on the moon; rare on Earth 5. can’t find on Earth 6. three new minerals discovered 7. makes up the highlands of the Moon 548 � Neptune � Pluto � Pioneer and Voyager probes � comets � galaxy � Milky Way � interstellar space vs. intragalactic space � nova and supernova � pulsar � black hole � nebulae a. lunar rocks b. anorthosite c. basalt d. pyroxferroite e. natural glass f. armalcolite g. KREEP h. tranquillityite
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CIVIL AIR PATROL The Official Auxil
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A
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Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Cha
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Our ability to use air and space di
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glider 400 years before the first o
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After centuries of dreaming, flight
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However, hydrogen also had a seriou
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The first airplane pioneer in the n
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devotion to gliding and aviation en
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Langley’s last failure, two broth
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During the winter of 1901, they bui
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� kite � lighter-than-air � g
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exceeded the speed requirements. Th
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Rodgers’ Vin Fiz Flyer was built
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Progress Progress in in Europe Euro
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power than one, and if one engine f
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Many aviation pioneers already ment
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in military affairs took place with
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FFFFFighter ighter ighter ighter ig
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difficulties in accepting the servi
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in the Wisconsin Volunteers at age
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SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER 1. (Rober
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The NC-1 came down after flying 850
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On November 14, 1918, 3 days after
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Ar Army Ar my Air Air P PPower P ow
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Kelly and Macready flew over Indian
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Early Parachute Jump Test National
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WWWWWomen omen omen omen’s omen
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On June 12, 1934, Congress passed a
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The engine compartment of EAA’s S
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The great airplane designer, Lloyd
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workhorse we know today. The name o
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Pan American’s China Clipper Mean
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them to respond to an Army design c
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qualified would be sent to designat
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The 332nd Fighter Group flew more t
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MATCHING 11. First attempt to stand
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The Japanese built a strong Navy. T
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The backbone of the German Air Forc
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Lacking the defensive air force to
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The Spitfire is a prized collector
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86 USAAF personnel are shown here p
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Hitler supposedly promised Luftwaff
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Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor on
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established within the Army Air For
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In fact, the lessons learned in Nor
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already tried daylight bombing and
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The P-51 Mustang helped turn the ti
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ACES IN EUROPE The Luftwaffe produc
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Almost exactly 1 month later, the U
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Major General George Kenney was Mac
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This first bombing raid was led by
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the island-hopping campaign in the
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� combined arms operations � Bl
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than 900,000. By 1947, this figure
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The most famous jet of World War II
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The The The The The Berlin Berlin B
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North Korean advance just enough so
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On July 27, 1953, a cease-fire trea
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Immediately after the war, the most
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The DeHavilland Comet 1 restriction
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almost 200 mph. It was equipped wit
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The specially designed B-29 carried
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Swept-back wings of a jet aircraft
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As technology got better, systems g
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Despite US participation, the civil
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nationwide saw the ugliness of war.
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Vietnamese forces. Enemy supply lin
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nothing could destroy that bridge.
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As a result, both countries created
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This is what led to the development
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superiority fighters flew for over
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were going to attack the targets at
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Iraq Iraq Iraq Iraq Iraq Counteratt
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The poor Iraqi performance can be a
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� Cold War � National Security
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27. On August 7, 1964, Congress pas
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XB XB XB-70 -70 -70 -70 -70 The X-1
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een overshadowed by rearward-swept
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164 The X-33 Advanced Technology De
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Air Force as the C-135. It was foll
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The Boeing 777’s “Glass Cockpit
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Navajo Navajo Navajo Navajo Navajo
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Chapter Chapter 7 7 - - - Basic Bas
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Chapter Chapter 7 7 7 - - Basic Bas
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Chapter Chapter 7 7 7 - - Basic Bas
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Chapter Chapter 7 7 - - Basic Basic
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Chapter Chapter 8 8 - - - Air Aircr
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Chapter Chapter 8 8 - - Air Aircraf
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Chapter Chapter 9 9 - - - Flight Fl
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Chapter Chapter 9 9 - - Flight Flig
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 9 9 - - Fli
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The The Airport Airport Airports co
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Control Control Control Control Con
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quick white flashes. This differenc
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MATCHING 1.Match the terms: a. runw
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airlines began flying more profitab
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produced in the greatest numbers. B
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Boeing Boeing Boeing Boeing Boeing
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percent more flights per day. Compa
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Swearingen Swearingen Swearingen Sw
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SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER 1. The (7
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Since World War II, a number of tra
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etractable) landing gear. The Skyha
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290
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A hot air balloon takes off from th
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Racing Racing Racing Racing Racing
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SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER 1. (Ultra
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In figuring the fuel efficiency of
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All of these aircraft carry a pilot
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However, remember during that hour
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The Canadair Challenger began as a
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commercial pilot certificate and an
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specially trained pilot then uses h
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5. Fill in the blanks with nontrans
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usually is able to carry either nuc
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aircraft. Weight is important becau
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capabilities. About the size of an
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Noncombatant Noncombatant Aircraf A
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OV-10A Bronco. This aircraft was sp
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MILITARY AIRCRAFT LETTER AND NUMBER
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C-17. The C-17 Globemaster III is t
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� combat aircraft � noncombat a
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15. To make up for the disadvantage
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Bell AH-1 HueyCobra. The AH-1 was d
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Sikorsky HH-3. Twin 1,500-horsepowe
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Companies supplying offshore oil pl
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Higher rotation speed and higher fo
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In war, there will always be situat
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Two methods are available for using
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In the 1980s, new technology, which
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7. Which of the following is not a
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maintenance of the airway system ov
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(transfer it) to another air traffi
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Center. The CAI operates the progra
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encouraging learning through its ma
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CAP Emergency Services 356 which we
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one of the largest airshows in the
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SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER 1. The (F
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APTITUDES AND AEROSPACE CAREERS Apt
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amount of exposure to these basic s
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Freshman and Sophomore Years: Engli
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Sophomore Year: Meteorology Science
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Scholarships are available to quali
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1. Be at least 17-years-old and not
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� aptitude � curricula � comm
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18. The _________ _________ _______
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Chapter Chapter 18 18 18 - - - The
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Chapter Chapter 18 18 - - The The A
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Chapter Chapter 18 18 18 - - The Th
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Chapter Chapter 18 18 18 - - - The
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Chapter Chapter 19- 19- W WWeather
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 19- 19- W W
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 20 20 - - A
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Chapter Chapter 20 20 - - A AAviati
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There is an explanation for everyth
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Even with improvements over the sti
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ecause of the centrifugal force cre
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A Demonstration of Newton’s Third
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module payload. Of course, the ulti
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Solid Fuel Propulsion System hot, e
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Let’s suppose we do not want to b
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MATCHING 7. Match the scientist wit
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With a few exceptions, propulsion s
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The chemical reaction of hydrogen a
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tube was known and employed in warf
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is used to start the ignition proce
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paint certain surfaces of the prope
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the precombustion chamber is ignite
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atomized and sufficiently diffused
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FILL IN THE BLANKS 7. Rust and corr
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In this chapter, we will look at wh
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and inversely proportional to the s
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inclination constant, precesses slo
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Suppose the mission of a payload re
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Burnout of the propellant system wi
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Earth, always maintaining the same
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Other Other Other Other Other Copla
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same as the Earth’s period of rot
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The launch vehicles used by the mil
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� orbits � trajectories � ine
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Page 528 and 529: Chapter Chapter 25 25 - - Our Our S
Page 556 and 557: At the end of World War II, the tea
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Page 576 and 577: Chapter Chapter 26 26 26 - - Unmann
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 27 27 - - M
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 27 27 - - M
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Chapter Chapter 27 27 - - Manned Ma
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27. Tonkin Gulf Resolution, Johnson
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13. training routes 14. true course
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CHAPTER 16 1. CAB 2. FSS 3. NAFEC 4
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CHAPTER 21 1. Gravity 2. Galileo 3.
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9. Weather—A, C, E, G; Multi-Spec
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Aurora australis - colored lights,
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D Dead reckoning - involves the sys
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Haze - a concentration of water vap
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Magnetic course - the course accord
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Prime meridian - the great circle l
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Strategic airlift - transportation
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Weather - the day-to-day changes in
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C-54, 118, 124 C-69, 124 C-130 Herc
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VS 300, 63 X-1, 129,176 X-15, 159-1
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Eichstadt, Konrad 445 Eighth Air Fo
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Manning, Captain Harry, 9 Mannock,
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soaring, 292-293 solar radiation 39
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This textbook was jointly produced
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