The Journey of Flight.pdf - Valkyrie Cadet

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Chapter Chapter 25 25 - - Our Our Solar Solar System System System A Meteor Shower The recent recovery of a carbonaceous chondrite meteorite from the Yukon has excited scientists who say that its very primitive composition and pristine condition may tell us what the initial materials were like that went into making up the Earth, the Moon and the Sun. Only about two percent of meteorites are carbonaceous chondrites containing many forms of carbon and organics, the basic building blocks of life. This type of meteorite is easily broken down during entry into the Earth’s atmosphere and during weathering on the ground; therefore, recovery is quite rare. A resident of the area over which the meteorite exploded retrieved fallen fragments from the snowcovered ground, placed them in clean plastic bags, and kept them frozen. They are the only freshly fallen meteorite fragments ever recovered and transferred to a laboratory without thawing. (Keeping the meteorite fragments frozen minimizes the potential loss of organic materials and other volatile compounds contained in the fragments.) The 4.5 billion-year-old meteorite may help scientists understand the original composition of the entire solar system before planets formed. Periodically, Earth encounters a swarm of meteoroids called the Perseids. The diameter of this swarm exceeds fifty million miles. However, the density of meteoroids is said to be only one for each million cubic miles. Yet when Earth encounters the Perseids, the high-speed collision makes the meteor shower look as if the meteoroids are closely packed. This phenomenon, however, should not cause you to believe that cislunar space is crowded with meteors and other materials. According to astronauts who have been there, space looks very much like the void it has been called. William Anders (Apollo 8) reported, “The sky is very, very stark. The sky is pitch black and the Moon is quite light. The contrast between the sky and the Moon is a vivid dark line.” The Milky Way and Beyond On nights free of clouds and air pollution, the Milky Way is visible. This is the common name for the galaxy in which we live, along with about 100 billion other solar systems and stars. The Milky Way galaxy is an enormous collection of stars arranged in a spiral shape. The Milky Way has a dense central bulge with four arms spiraling outward. The center of our galaxy contains older red and yellow stars, while the arms have mostly hot, younger blue stars. Distance between the stars and/or solar systems varies and involves such high numbers of miles that the imagination is staggered. In this case, distance is thought of in light years and parsecs instead of astronomical units. A light year is the distance a photon can travel in one of Earth’s calendar years. This amounts to 5 trillion 878 billion-statute miles (5,878,000,000,000 miles). When the number of light years gets very large, parsecs are used; one parsec is 3.26 light years, or 19.2 trillion miles. 541
The Milky Way Galaxy An extended halo of gas surrounding the Milky Way was generated by thousands of exploding stars as the galaxy evolved. Roughly football-shaped, this hot gas halo extends between five thousand and ten thousand light years above and below the galactic plain, thinning out with distance. Although the halfmillion-degree gas halo has been known for some time, scientists were not certain how it came to be there or remained hot. Observations made with NASA’s Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) spacecraft revealed an extensive amount of oxygen VI in the halo. Oxygen six — oxygen atoms that have had five of their eight surrounding electrons stripped away — could only have been created through collision with the blast waves from exploding stars. Such star explosions are actually a record of star formation, and comparison of these supernovae generated halos among galaxies may allow scientists to compare the star formation histories of the galaxies. Nova and Supernova Novas are stars that are not stable; they flare, subside and flare again. This type of existence has been observed just before the star “dies.” It is not known if this is part of the normal life cycle of a star. A supernova occurs when a star gives up great mass in one giant explosion of light and energy. Nova Supernova 542
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CIVIL AIR PATROL The Official Auxil
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A
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Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Cha
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Our ability to use air and space di
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glider 400 years before the first o
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After centuries of dreaming, flight
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However, hydrogen also had a seriou
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The first airplane pioneer in the n
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devotion to gliding and aviation en
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Langley’s last failure, two broth
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During the winter of 1901, they bui
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� kite � lighter-than-air � g
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exceeded the speed requirements. Th
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Rodgers’ Vin Fiz Flyer was built
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Progress Progress in in Europe Euro
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power than one, and if one engine f
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Many aviation pioneers already ment
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in military affairs took place with
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FFFFFighter ighter ighter ighter ig
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difficulties in accepting the servi
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in the Wisconsin Volunteers at age
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SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER 1. (Rober
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The NC-1 came down after flying 850
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On November 14, 1918, 3 days after
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Ar Army Ar my Air Air P PPower P ow
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Kelly and Macready flew over Indian
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Early Parachute Jump Test National
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WWWWWomen omen omen omen’s omen
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On June 12, 1934, Congress passed a
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The engine compartment of EAA’s S
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The great airplane designer, Lloyd
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workhorse we know today. The name o
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Pan American’s China Clipper Mean
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them to respond to an Army design c
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qualified would be sent to designat
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The 332nd Fighter Group flew more t
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MATCHING 11. First attempt to stand
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The Japanese built a strong Navy. T
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The backbone of the German Air Forc
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Lacking the defensive air force to
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The Spitfire is a prized collector
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86 USAAF personnel are shown here p
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Hitler supposedly promised Luftwaff
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Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor on
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established within the Army Air For
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In fact, the lessons learned in Nor
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already tried daylight bombing and
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The P-51 Mustang helped turn the ti
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ACES IN EUROPE The Luftwaffe produc
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Almost exactly 1 month later, the U
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Major General George Kenney was Mac
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This first bombing raid was led by
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the island-hopping campaign in the
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� combined arms operations � Bl
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than 900,000. By 1947, this figure
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The most famous jet of World War II
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The The The The The Berlin Berlin B
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North Korean advance just enough so
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On July 27, 1953, a cease-fire trea
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Immediately after the war, the most
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The DeHavilland Comet 1 restriction
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almost 200 mph. It was equipped wit
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The specially designed B-29 carried
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Swept-back wings of a jet aircraft
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As technology got better, systems g
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Despite US participation, the civil
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nationwide saw the ugliness of war.
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Vietnamese forces. Enemy supply lin
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nothing could destroy that bridge.
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As a result, both countries created
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This is what led to the development
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superiority fighters flew for over
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were going to attack the targets at
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Iraq Iraq Iraq Iraq Iraq Counteratt
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The poor Iraqi performance can be a
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� Cold War � National Security
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27. On August 7, 1964, Congress pas
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XB XB XB-70 -70 -70 -70 -70 The X-1
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een overshadowed by rearward-swept
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164 The X-33 Advanced Technology De
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Air Force as the C-135. It was foll
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The Boeing 777’s “Glass Cockpit
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Navajo Navajo Navajo Navajo Navajo
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Chapter Chapter 7 7 - - - Basic Bas
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Chapter Chapter 7 7 7 - - Basic Bas
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Chapter Chapter 7 7 7 - - Basic Bas
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Chapter Chapter 7 7 - - Basic Basic
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Chapter Chapter 8 8 - - - Air Aircr
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Chapter Chapter 8 8 - - Air Aircraf
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Chapter Chapter 9 9 - - - Flight Fl
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Chapter Chapter 9 9 - - Flight Flig
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 9 9 - - Fli
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The The Airport Airport Airports co
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Control Control Control Control Con
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quick white flashes. This differenc
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MATCHING 1.Match the terms: a. runw
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airlines began flying more profitab
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produced in the greatest numbers. B
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Boeing Boeing Boeing Boeing Boeing
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percent more flights per day. Compa
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Swearingen Swearingen Swearingen Sw
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SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER 1. The (7
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Since World War II, a number of tra
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etractable) landing gear. The Skyha
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290
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A hot air balloon takes off from th
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Racing Racing Racing Racing Racing
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SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER 1. (Ultra
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In figuring the fuel efficiency of
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All of these aircraft carry a pilot
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However, remember during that hour
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The Canadair Challenger began as a
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commercial pilot certificate and an
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specially trained pilot then uses h
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5. Fill in the blanks with nontrans
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usually is able to carry either nuc
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aircraft. Weight is important becau
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capabilities. About the size of an
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Noncombatant Noncombatant Aircraf A
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OV-10A Bronco. This aircraft was sp
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MILITARY AIRCRAFT LETTER AND NUMBER
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C-17. The C-17 Globemaster III is t
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� combat aircraft � noncombat a
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15. To make up for the disadvantage
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Bell AH-1 HueyCobra. The AH-1 was d
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Sikorsky HH-3. Twin 1,500-horsepowe
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Companies supplying offshore oil pl
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Higher rotation speed and higher fo
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In war, there will always be situat
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Two methods are available for using
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In the 1980s, new technology, which
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7. Which of the following is not a
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maintenance of the airway system ov
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(transfer it) to another air traffi
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Center. The CAI operates the progra
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encouraging learning through its ma
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CAP Emergency Services 356 which we
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one of the largest airshows in the
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SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER 1. The (F
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APTITUDES AND AEROSPACE CAREERS Apt
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amount of exposure to these basic s
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Freshman and Sophomore Years: Engli
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Sophomore Year: Meteorology Science
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Scholarships are available to quali
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1. Be at least 17-years-old and not
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� aptitude � curricula � comm
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18. The _________ _________ _______
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Chapter Chapter 18 18 18 - - - The
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Chapter Chapter 18 18 - - The The A
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Chapter Chapter 18 18 18 - - The Th
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Chapter Chapter 18 18 18 - - - The
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Chapter Chapter 19- 19- W WWeather
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 19- 19- W W
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 20 20 - - A
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Chapter Chapter 20 20 - - A AAviati
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There is an explanation for everyth
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Even with improvements over the sti
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ecause of the centrifugal force cre
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A Demonstration of Newton’s Third
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module payload. Of course, the ulti
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Solid Fuel Propulsion System hot, e
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Let’s suppose we do not want to b
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MATCHING 7. Match the scientist wit
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With a few exceptions, propulsion s
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The chemical reaction of hydrogen a
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tube was known and employed in warf
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is used to start the ignition proce
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paint certain surfaces of the prope
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the precombustion chamber is ignite
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atomized and sufficiently diffused
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FILL IN THE BLANKS 7. Rust and corr
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In this chapter, we will look at wh
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and inversely proportional to the s
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inclination constant, precesses slo
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Suppose the mission of a payload re
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Burnout of the propellant system wi
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Earth, always maintaining the same
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Other Other Other Other Other Copla
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Page 528 and 529: Chapter Chapter 25 25 - - Our Our S
Page 556 and 557: At the end of World War II, the tea
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Page 576 and 577: Chapter Chapter 26 26 26 - - Unmann
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Chapter Chapter 27 27 - - Manned Ma
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 27 27 - - M
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Chapter Chapter Chapter 27 27 - - M
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27. Tonkin Gulf Resolution, Johnson
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13. training routes 14. true course
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CHAPTER 16 1. CAB 2. FSS 3. NAFEC 4
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CHAPTER 21 1. Gravity 2. Galileo 3.
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9. Weather—A, C, E, G; Multi-Spec
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Aurora australis - colored lights,
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D Dead reckoning - involves the sys
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Haze - a concentration of water vap
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Magnetic course - the course accord
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Prime meridian - the great circle l
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Strategic airlift - transportation
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Weather - the day-to-day changes in
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C-54, 118, 124 C-69, 124 C-130 Herc
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VS 300, 63 X-1, 129,176 X-15, 159-1
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Eichstadt, Konrad 445 Eighth Air Fo
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Manning, Captain Harry, 9 Mannock,
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soaring, 292-293 solar radiation 39
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This textbook was jointly produced
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