Climate Risk Management in Finnish Development Cooperation - Gaia

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Project elements undermining local adaptation Through the screening process no element that would contribute negatively to local adaptation capacity is identified. Obviously e.g. a rapid decline in the functionality of water points could endanger wider progress reached (be it human, social, financial development) 56 but with regards to programmed project activities, they consistently contribute to improved adaptive capacity. Conclusions and potential entry points for interventions In conclusion, the initial climate screening of RWSEP reveals low-medium level risks for project outcomes (currently and in the short-term). Climate extremes have so far posed only limited problems for project implementation but taking note of the reported climatic experiences of past 5- 10 years on local level and the projected increase in intensity and frequency of floods, drought and heavy rains, further coping measures should be considered as part of the on-going project phase-out phase in order to ensure the functionality of some 3000 water points also in the future. While the high level functionality of the water points indicates a good choice of sites and preparation of wells, systematic monitoring of ground water level could provide valuable information for potential follow-up measures. On a wider level the integrated watershed and land use management approach has been widely adopted and provides the framework for addressing, in addition to increasing climate challenges, the other pressing development needs on local level. Taking note of the aim to duplicate the successful programme approach and scale-up the activities in other woredas, considering systematically the longer-term climate risks as part of project preparation (despite uncertainties and gaps in climate data), identifying potential coping measures also to weather extremes as well as further strengthening concrete local level adaptive skills and awareness, could provide opportunities to further climate proof the implemented programmes. 4.3 Rural Water supply, Sanitation and Hygiene programme in Benishangul Gumuz region (FinnWASH BG) The overall (long term) objective of the FinnWASH programme is “universal access to improved water supply, sanitation and hygiene in Benishangul-Gumuz Region”. The programme purpose is to achieve “increased capacity in the Region to plan and manage the WASH programme for the achievement of UAP (Universal Access Plan) 57 goals in Benishangul Gumuz, using CDF as a strategic funding mechanism for community empowerment”. 56 Reportedly local communities have the capacity to regulate water usage in case scarcity or quality problems arise. 57 In 2005, GoE produced a Universal Access Program, focusing only on water supply and sanitation. This plan redefines the concept of access to basic water supply and sanitation. According to the new definition, the access to an improved water source means the availability of at least 15 litres per person per day (lpcd) from a source within one and half a kilometre of the dwelling in rural areas and 20 litres in urban areas. 30
Climate risks for project outcomes FinnWASH BG project approach and content (including institutional, environmental and technical setting) are very similar to RWSEP, which was studied above. Taking note of the start of actual FinnWASH implementation phase in July 2009, this initial screening reviews expected project outcomes and strongly refers to analysis and findings of the RWSEP climate screening exercise. The success of institutional development efforts in organizing water supply facilities will be decisive for the achievement of FinnWASH project objectives. The provision of clean water in 5 woredas, for 250 000 people in approximately 600 communities will require a.o. the establishment of some 600- 700 water points, which are essential for delivering the expected services. 58 While climate change and variability may have direct effects on the foreseen project infrastructure and implementation, it may also pose some indirect risks related to social, human and institutional capacities necessary to achieve the project outcomes. Climate-induced direct risks for FinnWASH project outcomes could be related with extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods and heavy rains. However, so far droughts and floods have not been frequently reported in the programme woredas. While the programme area generally enjoys an annual average rainfall amount in the range of +-1,000 mm the increased variability in rainfall patterns (changed arrival of rains, intensiveness of rains etc) do already pose increased challenges for local livelihoods and food security. In the longer-term, continued temperature increase (by mid century projected to increase between 1°C and 3°C) could among other things pose risks to groundwater level, i.e. water scarcity risks at some water points. With regards to other potential climate parameters (e.g. heat waves, cold days/nights, storms, wild fires, etc), reportedly these do currently not pose any significant risks at the project area. In addition to these risks on the technical water supply system, project implementation could in some cases be indirectly hampered by climate factors, e.g. due to limited access to project areas caused by heavy rains or floods. Construction conditions of planned water infrastructure could be worsened for the same reasons but these risks can be managed through sensible timing of project activities. Prior climate considerations During project preparation, climatic hazards, in particular floods and droughts, have been identified as the most serious external risks that might affect FinnWASH BG (in addition to overall peace and stability in the region). The likelihood of these climate extremes has been assessed low but potential impacts significant. These risks have been considered beyond control of the FinnWASH programme 58 Some 90% of the water points will be hand dug (into a depth of approximately 12-20 meters) and some 10% of the water points will consist of “protected springs”. 31
Page 1 and 2: Climate Risk Management in Finnish
Page 3 and 4: Abbreviations ACPC African Climate
Page 5 and 6: 1.2 Finnish development cooperation
Page 7 and 8: Ethiopia. As noted above, the clima
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 3 presents a strategic over
Page 11 and 12: hottest period in the year is from
Page 13 and 14: Regarding experienced climate varia
Page 15 and 16: notes that warming in Africa is ver
Page 17 and 18: Some models also indicate an increa
Page 19 and 20: inadequate road infrastructure in d
Page 21 and 22: However, in the near future, rain f
Page 23 and 24: the progress and to date no CDM pro
Page 25 and 26: 4 Preliminary climate screening of
Page 27 and 28: Figure 10. Map of Ethiopia highligh
Page 29: isks or coping measures has been pr
Page 33 and 34: livelihoods. The potential increase
Page 35 and 36: specifically designed to support su
Page 37 and 38: Project elements undermining local
Page 39 and 40: the existing body of knowledge coul
Page 41 and 42: Appendix Annex I. Ethiopia Climate
Page 43 and 44: adaptation. The Intergovernmental P
Page 45 and 46: Figure 3. Impacts of climate change
Page 47 and 48: according to some estimates, it may
Page 49 and 50: For example in the Lake Tana sub-ba
Page 51 and 52: citizens have more options than poo
Page 53 and 54: in 1991. Over 350,000 people were d
Page 55 and 56: Annex II. Activities supported by t
Page 57 and 58: Annex IV. List of organizations/per
Page 59 and 60: References Boano, C. (2008). FMO Re
Page 61: Tanner, T.M. Hassan, A. Islam, K.M.

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