Climate Risk Management in Finnish Development Cooperation - Gaia

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The initial screening also identified potential for improvement in project planning and implementation phases in order to ensure better climate mainstreaming in the future. With regards to project planning phase, taking note of the considerable social, environmental and economic impacts of weather extremes, and the probability of increase thereof, the projects should systematically include a longer-term strategy for addressing these challenges, beyond the immediate planning horizon of the development project. 64 During implementation, by introducing specific modifications and adjustments to project activities (e.g. water harvesting, reforestation, revegetation, adaptation monitoring, carbon sequestration & monitoring etc) the Finnish funded projects could even further strengthen livelihoods and the climate adaptive capacity on local and regional levels. Discussions with various project partners during the assessment have shown a profound understanding of the importance of climate adaptation within the projects and an interest in further strengthening the climate adaptation dimension of the projects. In line with experiences from other international climate mainstreaming efforts, the assessment findings support immediate follow-up measures in Ethiopia and other developing partner countries. A phased approach, including an initial screening + in-depth risk assessment, when/where required due to high climate risks and/or high adaptation strengthening potential, allows an efficient and focused use of resources in climate mainstreaming efforts. While keeping the screening process flexible and light, relevant national and local level stakeholders and key persons for project implementation should be actively involved. This will ensure the commitment to climate screening follow-up and help build national and local awareness, capacity and ownership. In addition to national partners, the lessons learned from all climate mainstreaming activities in Ethiopia should be actively shared with the international community. 64 This finding concurs with lessons learned from other studies, noting that development projects and plans are reasonably well designed relative to average climatic risks but pay much less attention to risks associated with climate variability and extreme events, which is resulting in rapidly rising disaster losses. 40
Appendix Annex I. Ethiopia Climate Change Implications for Finland Climate change is one of the central challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. The way in which we will address it will have profound implications for human development in different parts of the planet. This annex studies some of the climate challenges that Ethiopia is already facing and what the implications could mean for Finland. The cases, which are looking at the potential implications through trade, security, conflict and human displacement interlinkages highlight the urgent need to strengthen the adaptive capacity of a country such as Ethiopia in view of on-going and still accelerating climate change. While pointing out several important interlinkages that have to be taken into account in Ethiopian and Finnish-Ethiopian development efforts, the cases provide a strong argument for keeping the focus of developed countries in particular, and the more advanced developing countries, on immediate and considerable climate mitigation efforts – adaptation is necessary but only part of a sustainable long-term solution. Climate change and trade Introduction In order to assess impacts of climate change to a country’s economy, it is necessary to have estimates of the impacts and costs of climate change (be it gradual temperature increases, changed precipitation patters, increased climate variability or weather extremes) on different socio-economic activities. In many countries information (qualitative and quantitative) on costs is not readily available. In particular in developing countries climate data on observed climatic changes is rarely recorded in a consistent manner over time, and where it exists it is often in a form that requires additional work before it can be used. However, certain overall trends and requirements for socio-economic transformations, due to climate change and policy responses thereto, can be identified. Climate change will have implications for economic activities through production, consumption and international trade. Climate change may hinder economic growth and thereby also worsen poverty and social instability (see more on climate change and conflict in Chapter 2). Figure 1 presents how greenhouse gas emissions create socio-economic impacts. Responding to climate change will require a fundamental 41
Page 1 and 2: Climate Risk Management in Finnish
Page 3 and 4: Abbreviations ACPC African Climate
Page 5 and 6: 1.2 Finnish development cooperation
Page 7 and 8: Ethiopia. As noted above, the clima
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 3 presents a strategic over
Page 11 and 12: hottest period in the year is from
Page 13 and 14: Regarding experienced climate varia
Page 15 and 16: notes that warming in Africa is ver
Page 17 and 18: Some models also indicate an increa
Page 19 and 20: inadequate road infrastructure in d
Page 21 and 22: However, in the near future, rain f
Page 23 and 24: the progress and to date no CDM pro
Page 25 and 26: 4 Preliminary climate screening of
Page 27 and 28: Figure 10. Map of Ethiopia highligh
Page 29 and 30: isks or coping measures has been pr
Page 31 and 32: Climate risks for project outcomes
Page 33 and 34: livelihoods. The potential increase
Page 35 and 36: specifically designed to support su
Page 37 and 38: Project elements undermining local
Page 39: the existing body of knowledge coul
Page 43 and 44: adaptation. The Intergovernmental P
Page 45 and 46: Figure 3. Impacts of climate change
Page 47 and 48: according to some estimates, it may
Page 49 and 50: For example in the Lake Tana sub-ba
Page 51 and 52: citizens have more options than poo
Page 53 and 54: in 1991. Over 350,000 people were d
Page 55 and 56: Annex II. Activities supported by t
Page 57 and 58: Annex IV. List of organizations/per
Page 59 and 60: References Boano, C. (2008). FMO Re
Page 61: Tanner, T.M. Hassan, A. Islam, K.M.

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