Climate Risk Management in Finnish Development Cooperation - Gaia

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in terms of providing climate resilience to highly vulnerable stakeholders who primarily depend on rain-fed agriculture and livestock. 61 Project elements supporting local adaptation As a technical support project aimed at local and regional governance the project will not have considerable direct impacts on local livelihoods and the livelihood assets that enable climate adaptation. However, as a by-product several project activities may indirectly contribute to local livelihood assets. The WME project is clearly focusing on different levels of governance in order to enhance the capacity and means for natural resource management. In the climate adaptation point of view, it is essential that local governance is provided with means for climate sensitive planning and management, which in turn can create an operating environment for local livelihoods that enables feasible adaptation opportunities for climatic conditions. For example, produced MIS and M&E systems can provide local and regional governance insight on critical issues related e.g. to irrigation and farming practices, which may be at risk in the future due to weather extremes, temperature increase and/or changed rainfall patterns. With this insight, and based on reliable data and M&E processes, local governance can design their planning and management interventions to best enhance local livelihood assets (e.g. human capital in form of knowledge on suitable farming practices in changing climate) and therefore also adaptive capacity. Increased availability of information in local and regional governance is especially important when considering natural resources management. Without this information regional level water and land resources management cannot, or is extremely difficult to, be carried out successfully. Successful watershed scale land use and water resources management is crucial for the local livelihoods. In line with project documents, project baseline studies will produce information that can be very useful when considering climate change implications to the area. Baseline information will include essential climatic data as well as rather comprehensive package of social and socio-economic information on the local societies. While local people are not the target user group for baseline studies and M&E results, produced information can “trickle down” to village level and be used to enhance local adaptation measures. Hence local awareness and knowledge (human assets) on natural resource management may indirectly increase through WME. Also social assets may be increased through the establishment of participatory sampling programmes which can result in enhanced social networks locally. 61 The Government of Ethiopia (GoE) and the World Bank (WB) have been preparing the TBIWRDP since 2006. See e.g. PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT, TANA & BELES INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (May 2, 2008) which assesses the sustainability and potential project risks and safeguard policies of the TBIWRDP. It highlights high climate variability that impacts local livelihoods, in particular through droughts in the sub-basins, and floods (especially around Lake Tana) and points out that future climate change is expected to exacerbate this variability and adds to the uncertainties that currently impact livelihoods and investments in that area. In addition, Lake Tana faces significant water and natural resources degradation problems. 36
Project elements undermining local adaptation Through the screening process no element that would contribute negatively to local adaptation capacity was identified. Conclusions and potential entry points for interventions This initial climate screening of Technical Assistance to the Watershed Monitoring and Evaluation (WME) Component of the Tana Beles reveals only low level risks for project outcomes. Even if climate risks have not been explicitly assessed, they have been taken into consideration in a rather comprehensive manner, through an integrated watershed approach to management of water resources and land use. The baseline studies will answer a wide set of questions and will a.o. provide information on amount of rainfall, water flows and soil erosion (incl. sedimentation in the rivers) which could be systematically analyzed also from a climate adaptation perspective. For proper inclusion of the climate adaptation perspective it is vital to obtain information on the local communities affected. Social and power structures in the societies, livelihood strategies and economic activities among others are key factors determining adaptive capacity. Consequently, the well elaborated baseline studies could provide valuable information on experienced climate hazards, sensitivity of key resources (land, water, forest) to climate change and variability, local coping strategies, level of soil loss and degradation etc, which could directly feed into formulation of measures for strengthening local adaptation capacity. 62 The WME will also provide information on reforestation progress, which could also serve as a basis for seeking additional funding for sustainable watershed and land use management activities through carbon sequestration funding. Consequently, during WME project implementation several potential entry points for further informing and monitoring pro-adaptation decision making as well as supporting concrete local level adaptation measures may be identified. Regarding the entire TBIWRDP, World Bank is planning to address climate risks in more detail as part of its long-term engagement for the Growth Corridor. 63 These efforts should feed into all on-going and planned development cooperation activities in the Tana Beles watershed. 62 See draft baseline questionnaires. Technical Assistance to the Watershed Monitoring and Evaluation (WME) Component of the Tana Beles Integrated Water Resources Development Project (TBIWRDP) in Ethiopia. Version May 2009. 63 At the time of writing this document, the World Bank is about to finalize its “Growth Study” for the Tana & Beles area, which will contribute to setting a road map for WB support in the area in the longer term. 37
Page 1 and 2: Climate Risk Management in Finnish
Page 3 and 4: Abbreviations ACPC African Climate
Page 5 and 6: 1.2 Finnish development cooperation
Page 7 and 8: Ethiopia. As noted above, the clima
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 3 presents a strategic over
Page 11 and 12: hottest period in the year is from
Page 13 and 14: Regarding experienced climate varia
Page 15 and 16: notes that warming in Africa is ver
Page 17 and 18: Some models also indicate an increa
Page 19 and 20: inadequate road infrastructure in d
Page 21 and 22: However, in the near future, rain f
Page 23 and 24: the progress and to date no CDM pro
Page 25 and 26: 4 Preliminary climate screening of
Page 27 and 28: Figure 10. Map of Ethiopia highligh
Page 29 and 30: isks or coping measures has been pr
Page 31 and 32: Climate risks for project outcomes
Page 33 and 34: livelihoods. The potential increase
Page 35: specifically designed to support su
Page 39 and 40: the existing body of knowledge coul
Page 41 and 42: Appendix Annex I. Ethiopia Climate
Page 43 and 44: adaptation. The Intergovernmental P
Page 45 and 46: Figure 3. Impacts of climate change
Page 47 and 48: according to some estimates, it may
Page 49 and 50: For example in the Lake Tana sub-ba
Page 51 and 52: citizens have more options than poo
Page 53 and 54: in 1991. Over 350,000 people were d
Page 55 and 56: Annex II. Activities supported by t
Page 57 and 58: Annex IV. List of organizations/per
Page 59 and 60: References Boano, C. (2008). FMO Re
Page 61: Tanner, T.M. Hassan, A. Islam, K.M.

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