Climate Risk Management in Finnish Development Cooperation - Gaia

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and addressed in the logical framework as assumptions (“No major change in climate affects implementation”). Project elements supporting local adaptation FinnWASH project has several elements that support local climate adaptation, related to its core objectives, i.e. i) Institutionalised community capacity to construct and maintain community managed water supply and adopt appropriate technologies and behaviours related to sanitation and hygiene sustainably, ii) CDF mechanism institutionalized as a mechanism to finance WASH investments, iii) Institutionalised capacity at woreda level to support communities in implementing WASH activities, including reinvestment, and iv) Institutionalised capacity at zonal and regional levels to support WASH activities and replicate CDF approach. The activities that will be undertaken to reach these objectives can be expected to contribute positively to several pro-climate adaptation livelihoods assets (incl. human, social, natural, physical and financial – see figure 1). Construction of water supply facilities will make fresh water resources available in better quantity and quality and contribute to both improved natural and physical livelihood assets that directly reduce immediate vulnerability to climate variability. Institutionalized community capacity can be expected to have positive effects on social networks and assets, on human capital and cultural transformation. Knowledge and skills obtained through project activities can be beneficial in other (livelihood) activities, contribute to improved social networks and relationships in the communities and support sustainable sanitation and hygiene behavioural change. As experiences from RWSEP have demonstrated, the replication of the CDF mechanism should have a positive effect on FinnWASH target communities’ financial assets and help channel funds towards development efforts initiated by local stakeholders. Overall, the project activities will have a positive effect on local and regional governance. Increased local governance capacity, supporting local communities at initiating, managing and maintaining water supply facilities, can be expected to contribute to a reduction of overall vulnerability of local communities to climatic and non-climatic threats. Project elements undermining local adaptation The initial screening does not flag out project elements that would contribute negatively to local adaptation capacity. On the contrary, as noted above, the overall framework for FinnWASH can be expected to contribute to improved climate adaptive capacity in the programme areas. Conclusions and potential entry points for interventions In conclusion, the initial climate screening of FinnWASH BG reveals low - medium level risks for project outcomes. Reportedly floods and droughts have so far not been frequent in the programme woredas (figure 11). However, the already experienced variability in rainfall patterns as well as the projected changes in rainfall patterns, which could a.o. entail changes in timing of rainfall/rainfall periods as well as the intensity of rain events (see chapter 2) can pose real climate risks to local 32
livelihoods. The potential increase of flood and drought events cannot be ruled out either, based on the available climate data. Figure 11. Map of Benishangul Gumuz and programme woredas (source: FinnWASH-BG MIS, based on various GIS datasets) The CDF mechanism provides several opportunities to further strengthen the local adaptive capacity. The inclusion e.g. of a complementary project component (already envisioned by project stakeholders) of rainwater harvesting (possibly from house roofs), can provide a concrete tool for reducing local vulnerability to increased rainfall variability and droughts. As stated in chapter 2 analysis of climate projections, in particular related to rainfall patterns, the models show a wide variety in results, indicating a need for increased local level preparedness for both reduced rainfall as well as considerably increased rainfall in the future. Measures such as the harvesting of rainwater and usage for home gardens and growing fodder for cattle can be expected to improve food security and provide a no-regrets approach for strengthening local climate adaptive capacity in view of the uncertain climatic changes. Any further integrated efforts, promoting sustainable land use and water management and soil degradation, and more broadly climate vulnerability, 59 possibly funded through the CDF mechanism, should be carefully considered, in order to strengthen local livelihoods assets during the FinnWASH programme. 59 Sedimentation of rivers poses also a considerable risk for fisheries. 33
Page 1 and 2: Climate Risk Management in Finnish
Page 3 and 4: Abbreviations ACPC African Climate
Page 5 and 6: 1.2 Finnish development cooperation
Page 7 and 8: Ethiopia. As noted above, the clima
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 3 presents a strategic over
Page 11 and 12: hottest period in the year is from
Page 13 and 14: Regarding experienced climate varia
Page 15 and 16: notes that warming in Africa is ver
Page 17 and 18: Some models also indicate an increa
Page 19 and 20: inadequate road infrastructure in d
Page 21 and 22: However, in the near future, rain f
Page 23 and 24: the progress and to date no CDM pro
Page 25 and 26: 4 Preliminary climate screening of
Page 27 and 28: Figure 10. Map of Ethiopia highligh
Page 29 and 30: isks or coping measures has been pr
Page 31: Climate risks for project outcomes
Page 35 and 36: specifically designed to support su
Page 37 and 38: Project elements undermining local
Page 39 and 40: the existing body of knowledge coul
Page 41 and 42: Appendix Annex I. Ethiopia Climate
Page 43 and 44: adaptation. The Intergovernmental P
Page 45 and 46: Figure 3. Impacts of climate change
Page 47 and 48: according to some estimates, it may
Page 49 and 50: For example in the Lake Tana sub-ba
Page 51 and 52: citizens have more options than poo
Page 53 and 54: in 1991. Over 350,000 people were d
Page 55 and 56: Annex II. Activities supported by t
Page 57 and 58: Annex IV. List of organizations/per
Page 59 and 60: References Boano, C. (2008). FMO Re
Page 61: Tanner, T.M. Hassan, A. Islam, K.M.

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